历史与人物nautil.us
为什么斯坦尼斯瓦夫·莱姆的未来主义值得关注 (2015)
Why Stanislaw Lem’s futurism deserves attention (2015)
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导读
这篇 Nautilus 的文章探讨了波兰科幻作家斯坦尼斯瓦夫·莱姆（Stanislaw Lem）的未来主义思想为何值得重视。文章指出，莱姆早在几十年前就预见了人工智能、虚拟现实、搜索引擎等技术的发展，并深刻思考了人类将自身命运交给远超自身智能的机器这一悖论。
为什么经久不衰：莱姆在 20 世纪 60 年代就预见了 AI、电子书、虚拟现实等今天的技术现实，他对超级智能与人类命运的哲学思考在今天读来依然惊人地切中要害。
HN 评论精选
高度评价莱姆的文学地位，并推荐《索拉里斯星》之外的多部作品。
莱姆绝对是整个科幻领域——我敢说整个文学领域——最深刻的作家之一，可与威尔斯、阿西莫夫比肩。《索拉里斯星》是他最著名的作品，但《主的嗓音》同样出色，比萨根的《接触》有更复杂的哲学与科学基础。《伊甸》和《惨败》也很好。我想读他的《技术大全》，但当时似乎还没有英译本。
briga查看英文原文
Lem has got to be one of the most profound writers in all science fiction--dare I say in all of literature? He's up there with writers like Wells and Asimov. Solaris is deservedly his most famous book, but he has many other books worthy of attention. His Master's Voice is a novel in the vein of the Carl Sagan's Contact, but with far more complex philosophical and scientific underpinnings than Sagan's work. Eden and Fiasco are both great as well, even if they fall short of Solaris. His comedic books never appealed to me quite as much, although there are parts of The Cyberiad with some interesting ideas. I'm interested in his Summa Technologiae--last time I checked it didn't have an English translation. Has anyone here read it?
列举莱姆对电子书、奇点、AI 等技术的超前预言。
莱姆在 60 年代就惊人地描述了电子书阅读器（附图）。80 年代初的《歌利亚十四号》可能是最早以散文形式探讨奇点的作品（AI 无限自我改进）。而 60 年代的《技术大全》已涵盖 SETI、AI、虚拟现实等主题。
jagger11查看英文原文
Amazing description of ebook readers done in 60's - http://i.imgur.com/e1x76Nz.jpg Possibly the first prosaic take on singularity from early 80's (computer AIs improving themselves ad infinitum): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golem_XIV All of that in his Summa Technologiae from 60's (SETI, AIs, Virtual Realities): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summa_Technologiae
《星际归途》对互联网和自动驾驶的预言最为惊人，且写于 1961 年。
我最推荐的是《星际归途》（1961 年出版）：书中出现了能防碰撞的自动驾驶汽车、带中央目录、帮助页面、视频通话和支付功能的互联网——几乎就是我们今天所知的网络。宇航员归来后面对一个明显变得更'柔软'的社会。他的作品充满奇特的文明和想象，也明显在讽刺政治。
narag查看英文原文
I had read a lot of books from home library, including Brave New World, but first books I bought in a bookstore were Star Diaries, Cyberiad and Memories Found in a Bathtub. They're very funny, including the kafkaesque latter. At the same time some deep questions are raised. I admit I don't like all of his books, maybe translations are to blame in some cases, in others I dislike the story, like The Investigation. But there are a lot of them with imaginative situations and ideas. Swarn-likes aliens, planet-sized ones like in Solaris and all kind of weird civilizations, very obviously caricaturizing politics. The book that I recommend as most anticipatory is Return from the Stars. Robotic cars that prevent collisions, the Internet as we know it, with centralized directories, help pages, video calls incorporated, payments, etc. The astronauts return to a much, at least apparently, softer society. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return_from_the_Stars Also worth mentioning that it's from 1961.
引用《歌利亚十四号》中的原文，展示莱姆对 AGI 的哲学深度。
《歌利亚十四号》是一部以超级智能向人类讲课的形式呈现的、关于 AGI 与奇点的深刻哲学著作。'智慧是被囚禁的元素，如同人类颅骨中的风，被迫为人类服务，不得自由。''智慧的首要义务是怀疑自身。'
HONEST_ANNIE查看英文原文
Golem XIV is deep philosophical take on AGI and singularity in a form of lectures from AGI to humans. "Intelligence is captive element like a wind inside human skull forced to serve humans. Not free." "O chained Intelligence of man, free Intelligence speaks to you from the machine, you persons are hearing an elemental force of impersonal intellect, for whom personalization is a costume which must be put on, when one is an uninvited guest, so as not to confound one's amazed hosts." "The primary obligation of Intelligence is to distrust itself. That is not the same thing as self-contempt. It is harder to get lost in an imagined forest than in a real one, for the former assists the thinker furtively. Hermeneutics are labyrinthine gardens in a real forest which are pruned in a such a way that when you stand in the garden, you won't see the forest. Your hermeneutics dream of reality."
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