历史与人物press-pubs.uchicago.edu
如今报纸上看到的一切都不可信（1807）
Nothing can now be believed which is seen in a newspaper (1807)
2017 — 2020，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是托马斯·杰斐逊 1807 年写给约翰·诺维尔的信，收录在芝加哥大学出版社的建国文献档案中。信中痛陈报纸已彻底沦为谎言的工具，宣称“报上所见的一切都不再可信”，甚至说从不读报的人反而比满脑子错误信息的人更接近真相。两百多年前的这番话在假新闻时代被反复翻出，两度登上 Hacker News 首页。
为什么经久不衰：杰斐逊对媒体的绝望批判跨越两个世纪依然精准，提醒读者对新闻的怀疑并非新问题，而是民主与新闻业之间由来已久的根本张力。
HN 评论精选
事实采集的专业机构已失灵，去中心化并非解药，普通人几乎无从获知真相。
觉得完全无法知道世界上正在发生什么，这种感觉真的很令人无力。我每天大概花一小时读各大立场不同的媒体的标题，说实话我都不知道自己为什么这么做。读完之后，我得到的只是几家公司拼出的模糊剪影——而它们的工作就是把最少的事实原料加工成最大化的娱乐奇观。这没有技术解法，所谓“去中心化”不如叫“去专业化”：那些曾经投入大量资源到现场采集事实的机构，如今要么失灵要么不复存在。克里斯托弗·希钦斯曾说他了解世界主要靠世界各地亲身经历的朋友写信给他。
minimuffins查看英文原文
The feeling that it's just completely impossible to know what's going on in the world is really debilitating. I spend probably an hour a day reading headlines from major outlets with a bunch of different political alignments, and to be honest, I don't really know why I even do it. By the end of it, all I really have is a vague silhouette of a picture of what might have happened, according to a handful of corporations whose job it is to turn the smallest amount of factual raw material into maximally entertaining spectacle. The factual raw material can even be done away with sometimes as evidenced by how much of the news is just media reporting on itself (often centering on Twitter!). There is not a technical solution to any of this. "Decentralization" into forums and social media and whatnot is not a solution. At best it's a good way for some of us to discuss the problem among ourselves as it unfolds. Decentralization is better termed "de-professionalization." The institutions which used to, at the very least, dedicate serious resources to going out into the world and gathering facts no longer function properly or just don't exist. I remember seeing an interview with Christopher Hitchens where somebody asked him how he informed himself about the world, what news he liked to read. He said, not much. Mostly he relied on people he knew personally in various parts of the world who have firsthand experience and write him about it. Must be nice!
直播时代观众可亲眼对照现场与报道，媒体却在主动误导，令人绝望。
太让人难过了。最近最明显的例子是美国的骚乱：这些事件通常有几十人在现场直播，你可以亲眼看到建筑燃烧、人们喊口号、砸窗户。然后新闻却报道这些人是“和平的”。人们眼看着自己的城市燃烧，却读到 CNN 说这一切是假的。新闻此刻不只是错了，而是在主动误导公众。
blhack查看英文原文
It's just so sad. The biggest one lately for me has been watching the riots which are happening all over the US. The really crazy thing is that all of these things are livestreamed usually by 10s of people in every city, who are standing a few feet from the people burning buildings and attacking people. You can virtually attend all of these things from your office. To watch buildings burning, people chanting that they want to abolish the police, or burn peoples homes "fire fire gentrifier.", "out of your homes and into the streets" (while throwing things at windows, spray painting the outsides of homes, and shooting fireworks at homes), "all cops are bastards" etc. And then to see reported in the news that these people are "peaceful". It's a sort of paranoid schizophrenia that I think we're seeing. People are watching their own cities burn, then reading CNN say that it's all fake, and that there is such a thing as peaceful arson, or a peaceful riot, that somehow looting is justified, and repeating that. The news isn't just wrong at this point, they are actively trying to mislead people. It's really, really awful.
古典教育培养的批判思维，是应对信息洪流时代的关键。
这和我最近思考的事不谋而合：给孩子古典教育。读《理想国》《申辩篇》等能促使你思考自己的生活与社会的关系，也让你对所有观念更具批判性。杰斐逊等人主张民主运转需要受过教育的民众，这在 18 世纪成立，在人人被无穷信息流包围的今天更为迫切。
loughnane查看英文原文
This dovetails with something I've been thinking much about recently: providing a classical education, or at least a dose of it, to my kids. Jefferson was a big proponent of this as well [0] My reasoning is that there are few other venues that young people, in their formative years, encounter such examples of deep critical thinking. I used to think it snobbery to reference Socrates/Plato/Aristotle, etc. But reading the Republic, Apology, Ethics, etc. really prompts you to think about your life and how it relates to other in a society in a very meaningful way. It also teaches you to be more critical of all ideas. It seems to me that such perspectives are more important now than they've ever been. Jefferson and others have espoused the idea that an educated populace is required for a functioning democracy. While that may have been true in the 18th century, it is certainly more poignant in a world where people have an instant and unending stream of comment and opinion coming to them wherever they are. [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_and_education#Views_on_classical_learning
假新闻的根源在于人性对煽情内容的偏好，平台无法修复。
每次指出媒体对特朗普的偏见，我都得先声明自己不是特朗普支持者，这很累。我还常看到说 Facebook 或 Google 能修复假新闻的文章，但房间里的大象是：问题出在大多数人根本不在乎事实。对多数人来说，Facebook 上的新闻流就是现代肥皂剧。这不是新现象，只是以前在线下发生的事转移到了线上。
have_faith查看英文原文
Every time I try and point out some media bias against Trump I have to preface it with the fact that I'm not a Trump supporter, but doing so when advocating for press transparency is getting tiresome. I see lots of people having to add the same disclaimer when exposing the MSM obvious bias because we know that going against the main narrative is interpreted as supporting the 'other side' these days. I also keep seeing articles on HN and elsewhere talking about how Facebook or Google or whoever can fix the spread of Fake News or misinformation. The elephant in the room is that the problem lies with people, the majority of people, who do not care about facts or accuracy. I believe for most people the constant stream of "news" on Facebook is just a modern soap opera. Why watch Eastenders when you can have a live streamed 24/7 stream of drama in front of your very eyes. Facebook cannot fix peoples disposition towards their attraction to sensationalism. I don't even think this is a recent phenomenon, it's just taken a while for people who would usually take part in this offline to transfer it online and we as the people who grew up with the early internet are only now experiencing it in our space and thinking it is something new.
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