历史与人物boredpanda.com
1890 年代学生用隐藏间谍相机拍摄路人
Student photographs people with hidden spy cam in the 1890s (2018)
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导读
这篇 Bored Panda 文章介绍挪威学生 Carl Størmer 在 1890 年代用藏在背心下的微型间谍相机，在奥斯陆街头秘密拍摄路人的系列照片。照片罕见地捕捉到当时人们自然、未摆拍的神态，而不是维多利亚时代肖像中常见的僵硬姿势。文章也谈及相机如何工作，以及照片中一些人物后来被辨认出来。
为什么经久不衰：它把百年前普通人的真实日常和自然表情直接摆到眼前，加上间谍相机的技术反差，所以多年后仍值得一看。
HN 评论精选
相机越普及，人越会对着镜头表演，早期抓拍因此更显真实。
我是家族里的非正式档案管理员，继承了1950年代的一批8毫米胶片和大部分摄像机磁带。这些抓拍照片让我想起那些1950年代的胶片：当时胶片相机还很新，视频里几乎所有人都无视镜头、继续做自己的事，就是正常的真实生活，非常自然。随着几十年过去，人们开始对摄像机做出不同反应：1980、1990年代的视频里满是“跟镜头打个招呼”的场景，人们不自然地转向镜头问好或做鬼脸；到2010年代，相机变小了，人们开始在镜头附近展示最好的一面，像自动的Instagram摆姿反射。
ro-no查看英文原文
I'm the family's unofficial archivist so I inherited a bunch of 8mm reels from the 1950s and most of the camcorder tapes. This candid pictures remind me of those 1950s reels. Since film cameras were new back then, almost everyone in the videos ignored the cameras and carried on with their normal activities. Just normal real life. Those videos are very natural. As the decades pass, people start reacting to the video cameras differently. Videos from the 1980s and 1990s are full of "say hello to the camera scenes" when people unnaturally turn to the camera and say hello to it or make faces to it. In the 2010s, cameras become smaller people start showing their best sides when the camera is nearby, like an automatic instagram pose style reflex.
补充间谍相机的构造、价格，以及1878年乳剂技术使快照成为可能。
关于相机再补充一点：摄影师把直径6英寸的镀铬相机穿在背心里，镜头从扣眼伸出，快门靠拉绳触发。相机能在一张圆形干版上拍六张，拍一下胸口激活杠杆来推进干版。这款相机零售15美元，在业余和专业摄影者中都很流行。我原先没意识到1880年代胶片曝光时间已短到能拍这种快照；据摄影技术时间线，1878年明胶乳剂热熟化被发现，大幅提高感光度，使极短曝光成为可能。另外，15美元约合现在400美元。
rrauenza查看英文原文
Here's a little more on the camera: https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/08/16/alexiadis-vest-pocket-spy-camera-would-have-intrigued-sherlock-holmes/ The photographer would wear the 6-inch diameter chrome camera under his vest. The lens would poke out a buttonhole, and the shutter could be tripped by pulling a cord. The camera could shoot six images on a circular dry plate; the photographer would advance the plate by patting his chest to activate a lever. [...] The camera, which retailed at $15, was popular among amateurs and professionals alike. I didn't realize exposure times of film were short enough to get snapshots like this in the 1880's. According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology, this change was in 1878: Heat ripening of gelatin emulsions is discovered. This greatly increases sensitivity and makes possible very short "snapshot" exposures. edit: Also, $15 is about $400 now: http://www.in2013dollars.com/1890-dollars-in-2018?amount=15
辨认出照片中的物理学家Birkeland，并补充其极光理论与照片的本地意义。
戴圆眼镜、留胡子的那位是物理学教授 Kristian Birkeland。他在研究自己发明的电子炮时，提出了能解释北极光的理论。摄影师本人和Birkeland教授曾一起到挪威北极地区考察。很少有人相信Birkeland的理论，直到现代卫星证明他确实正确，这是电磁现象。在我看来，照片里有些年轻女性似乎喜欢这位摄影师。我的一些祖先当时住在奥斯陆，可能出现在某些照片中。作为奥斯陆居民，这些照片真是珍宝。
thomasfl查看英文原文
The fellow with the round glasses is and a moustache, is physics professor Kristian Birkeland. While working on an electric cannon he had invented, he came up with a theory that could explain the northern lights (stella borealis). The photographer himself and professor Birkeland went on expeditions together in the arctic parts of norway. Few believed in Birkeland’s theories, until modern satelites proved he was actually right and it’s electromagnetic. To me it seems like some of the young women liked the photographer. Some of my ancestors lived in Oslo at that time, and could be present in some of the photos. As an inhabitant of Oslo myself, these photos are a real gem.
他最初用间谍相机，是为了偷偷拍下暗恋对象。
他的传记作者写道：“当他在奥斯陆大学读书时，爱上了一位他不认识、又羞于结识的女士。他至少想得到一张她的照片，于是认定只能自己偷偷拍一张，而不让她知道。”哦，技术啊。
saalweachter查看英文原文
> “When he was a young man at Oslo University he fell in love with a lady whom he did not know and with whom he was too bashful to become acquainted,” writes his biographer. “Wishing at least to have a picture of her, he decided that this was possible only by taking a photograph of her himself, without her knowing.” Oh, technology.
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