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MiSTer：开源 FPGA 游戏项目
MiSTer, an open-source FPGA gaming project
2018 — 2021，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是 MiSTer 项目的 GitHub Wiki 页面，介绍了一个基于 FPGA 的开源硬件模拟平台，主要用于精确模拟复古游戏机和旧计算机。通过 FPGA 并行处理，它能在硬件层面还原原系统的行为，而非像传统 CPU 模拟器那样顺序执行并做近似。
为什么经久不衰：FPGA 硬件模拟提供了高精度、低延迟的复古体验，项目社区活跃且核心丰富，是理解硬件模拟与软件模拟差异的经典案例。
HN 评论精选
FPGA 并行模拟能精确还原硬件行为，而 CPU 模拟需要近似和跳过。
我不太了解游戏模拟，所以好奇这个 FPGA 项目与传统 CPU 模拟有何不同。从他们的 GitHub 页面：传统 CPU 模拟器顺序执行代码，这很难，因为真实硬件有许多并行工作的芯片。这需要大量 CPU 性能，有时即使现代 CPU 快 100 倍也不够，所以模拟器只能近似、跳过某些部分或假设标准工作方式。FPGA 不需要高频，它以低得多的频率工作，因为一切并行，所以能处理模拟系统的任何可能用法。
Jorge1o1查看英文原文
I don’t really know much about game emulation so I was curious about what differentiates this FPGA game project vs traditional CPU emulation. From their github page [1]: >Traditional emulators on CPUs execute code sequentially. This is a tricky method of emulation because real hardware has many chips and all of them work in parallel...This requires a lot of CPU power to emulate even an old and slow retro computer. Sometimes even a modern CPU working at 100 times the speed of the retro computer is not enough, so the emulator has to use approximation, skip emulation of some less important parts, or assume some standard work of the emulated system without extraordinary usage. > FPGA doesn't need high frequencies to emulate retro computers; it works at much lower frequencies than traditional emulators require. Since everything in FPGA works in parallel, it is no problem to handle any possible usage of the emulated system. [1] https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki/Why-FPGA (Edited for formatting)
MiSTer 是对旧计算机的硬件模拟，物理外设也是体验的重要部分。
我想强调这远不止游戏。这是旧计算机的硬件模拟。我希望看到它模拟其他机器——如果它能模拟 Atari ST，那它可能也能模拟 Xerox Star 或 Apollo Domain。我从拥有 C64-Maxi 注意到，体验中很大一部分是物理层面——我们通过不同设计的键盘与这些机器交互，这是整体体验的重要部分。在没有 VALDOCS 键盘的 Epson QX-10 上运行 VALDOCS 感觉不太对。
rbanffy查看英文原文
I like to emphasise that this is about much more than gaming. This is hardware emulation of old computers. I would love to see it emulating other machines - if it can do an Atari ST, it'd probably be able to do a Xerox Star or an Apollo Domain. One thing I noticed from owning a C64-Maxi is how much of the experience is the physical aspect - We interacted with these machines through keyboards of different designs and that was a very important part of the overall experience. Running VALDOCS on an Epson QX-10 without a VALDOCS keyboard is not quite the right feel.
MiSTer 从硬件角度记录系统，与 MAME 从软件角度互补。
把 MiSTer 看作一个活文档项目，它产出了有文档且可工作的系统硬件，而 MAME 专注于记录可工作的系统软件。恰好，如果你有可工作的硬件（MiSTer），你就能运行它的软件；从另一端看，要让软件工作，你需要很清楚硬件应该做什么。它们基本上是类似的工作，但从不同角度解决问题。考虑到 FPGA 编程有多难，MiSTer 的工作相当了不起。
bane查看英文原文
One really great way to think of MiSTer is as a living documentation project that results in documented and working system hardware vs MAME which is focused on documenting working system software. It just so happens if you have working hardware you can run the software meant for it (MiSTer) and from the other end if you want software to work you need a pretty good idea what the hardware is supposed to be doing. They're basically similar efforts but approaching the problem from a different point of view. Given how hard FPGA programming is, the work in MiSTer is quite magnificent.
MiSTer 兼容各种 USB 控制器，能原汁原味地玩复古游戏，核心丰富。
我喜欢我的 MiSTer 组装！为最近迷你主机（NES、SNES、Genesis 等）制造的 USB 控制器是 MiSTer 的绝佳配件。再加几个 USB 街机摇杆，你几乎可以按原汁原味的方式玩任何经典复古游戏。还有所有经典计算机核心，甚至包括 PDP-1！
fooblat查看英文原文
I love my MiSTer build! The usb controllers made for the recent mini systems (NES, SNES, Genesis, etc) make great accessories for the mister. Add a couple of usb arcade sticks and you can really play almost any classic retro games as it was meant to be played. And then there are all the classic computer cores even including the PDP-1!
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