历史与人物theguardian.com
六个男孩漂流荒岛 15 个月的真实故事
When six boys were shipwrecked for 15 months (2020)
2020 — 2021，它一次次回到首页
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导读
2020 年《卫报》长篇报道：1965 年，六名汤加寄宿学校少年偷船出海遇险，在荒岛阿塔岛上共同生活了 15 个月才获救。故事常被用来反驳《蝇王》中"人性本恶、群体必然崩溃"的寓言——他们靠合作、分工和纪律活了下来。文章出自 Rutger Bregman《Humankind》一书的相关章节。
为什么经久不衰：它用一个真实幸存故事长期挑战《蝇王》式的人性悲观假设，每次被翻出都能引发关于人性与群体的重新讨论。
HN 评论精选
真实海难样本有合作也有背叛，不能用一个案例推断普遍人性。
事情并不是简单地"像《蝇王》那样"或"不像《蝇王》那样"。Nicholas Christakis 在《Blueprint》一书里专门用一章讲他和学生建立的海难数据库：那些幸存者在足够孤立的环境中活得够久，不得不临时组建起一个小社会。其中既有互相残杀的案例，也有很多没有发生的案例。
rossdavidh查看英文原文
It's not quite as simple as "it works like 'Lord of the Flies' or it doesn't". Nicholas Christakis, in his book "Blueprint", devotes a chapter to a database that he and his grad students made of shipwrecks, where the survivors lived long enough, in enough isolation, that they had to more or less put together a temporary society. There were lots of cases where they turned on each other, and lots of cases where they did not. My review of Christakis' book, in case you're curious: https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/2851365787
他们来自同一寄宿学校、彼此信任，属于最有利的初始条件。
不该忽略的一点是：这六个男孩来自同一所寄宿学校，是一起逃出来的。除非学校总共只有六名学生，否则这意味着他们彼此喜欢、彼此信任，才会把这种一旦被发现就会有大麻烦的计划告诉对方。寄宿学校还意味着他们已有现成的社会结构，而且此前就一起生活。所以这更像是"一群男孩在荒岛上组成社会"的最佳情形。
jgilias查看英文原文
It shouldn't be glossed over that these were six boys from a boarding school on a getaway. So, unless there were only six pupils in the boarding school, it would mean that this was a group of boys who like and trust each other enough to let in on a plan which could get them into serious trouble if the wrong person found out about it. Also, the school being a boarding school implies that the group had a preexisting social structure, and that they had been literally living together before the event. So, it's sort of a best case scenario of 'a group of boys forming a society on a deserted island'. EDIT: Another commenter posted an audio interview with one of the survivors, highly recommended: https://www.rnz.co.nz/audio/player?audio_id=2018746636
汤加少年的成长背景与技能使这个故事难以普遍化。
这是个很棒的故事，也是对《蝇王》令人振奋的反驳。但公平地说，这六个汤加男孩很可能比同时代典型的英国学童更强悍、更有准备。他们偷一艘渔船出海似乎毫不当回事，多半早已掌握大量生存技能——他们基本上只是从一个太平洋岛屿搬到了另一个。所以这是个好故事，但能从中推广出多少关于普遍人类行为的结论，我并不确定。
abraae查看英文原文
That's a wonderful story and and an uplifting rebuttal to Lord of the Flies. But to be fair, six Tongan boys were probably far hardier and well equipped than the typical British schoolboy of that time would have been. It seems they thought nothing of stealing a fishing boat and heading to sea, and they most likely had abundant life skills already - they basically relocated from life on one pacific island to another. So a great story but I don't know how much can be extrapolated from it about human behaviour in general.
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