系统与基础设施joelw.id.au
廉价 FPGA 开发板：选购要点
Cheap FPGA Development Boards: What to look for
2014 — 2020，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇指南面向想入门 FPGA 的爱好者，讲解选购廉价 FPGA 开发板时应注意的要点，如芯片容量、外设配置和厂商选择。文章多次登上 Hacker News，评论区则补充了大量实战经验，尤其是各厂商专有开发工具链的坑。
为什么经久不衰：FPGA 入门选板的核心问题多年未变，而软件工具链的封闭性仍是新手最大的隐形门槛，这篇指南和评论至今能帮人避坑。
HN 评论精选
选板首先要看厂商软件工具链，Xilinx/Altera 有免费版，Lattice 等可能让廉价板变成废铁
我觉得这篇文章漏掉了廉价 FPGA 板最重要的一个方面：软件栈。别被迷惑了，FPGA 世界里没有免费、开源的软件，你必须用厂商自己的专有布局布线（通常还有综合）软件。因此建议选 Xilinx 或 Altera，它们都提供免费版开发套件，而且要确认你选的具体型号被免费版支持——往往只有最小最简单的型号才被支持。粗看了一下，Lattice 似乎仍不提供免费的开发工具授权。我几年前买过一块 99 美元的 Lattice PCIe/1G 板子，因为没有软件，它至今没用——软件要 1000 美元授权。板子便宜，但没有软件就一文不值。
deadgrey19查看英文原文
I fear that this article misses out on one of the most important aspects of cheap FPGA boards, which is the software stack. Do not be fooled. There is no freeware, open-source, GNU, LLVM etc software in the FPGA world. You will need to use the manufacturers very own, proprietary, place & route (and often synthesis too) software. For this reason, go with Xilinx or Altera who both offer free versions of their development kits. Also, make sure that the particular part you have is supported by the free kit. Often only the smallest and simplest parts are supported. Form a quick scan of the website, it seems that Lattice-Semi still does not offer free licenses of development tools. Years ago I bought a cheap ($99) Lattice-Semi PCIe/1G FPGA board, this board is still useless as I can't get the software without a $1000 license for the software kits. Although the board was cheap, it's nothing without the software.
各厂商封闭且难用的开发环境是 FPGA 学习的最大障碍，比选板本身更磨人
几年前我想为 Coursera 课程设计一个玩具处理器，开始对 FPGA 产生兴趣，也遇到过同样的问题：不知道门数到底能实现什么。我最后也买了 Atlys 板，是个令人印象深刻的小家伙。学 HDL 时我联系了几位 FPGA 从业者，发现大多数人积累的经验居然是如何应对开发环境——每家厂商都有自己的环境，只支持自家芯片和自家（或伙伴的）JTAG 控制器，彼此完全不同，而且往往是委员会设计的混乱产物。我沿用了 Xilinx ISE，这工具能吐槽的地方太多了：安装路径不支持空格、15GB 的安装体积、连免费版都有 Matlab 级别的授权限制，Linux 上用之前还得先 source settings64.sh。更糟的是，新版 ISE 在 Linux 上综合/布局布线虽然能跑，但会错误加载 libusb，必须 LD_PRELOAD，即便如此也只有大约三分之一的概率成功。
jessydiamondman查看英文原文
I got interested in FPGAs a few years ago out of a desire to design a toy processor for a Coursera class. I had a similar issue figuring out what board(s) to get, mostly because I didn't know what the number of gates could actually implement. I too ended up with an Atlys board, which is an impressive little beast. When it came to learning an HDL, I got in contact with several people who worked on FPGAs and learned that most of the experience people seemed to be gaining is how to navigate the development environments. Each FPGA manufacturer has their own environment that only works for their own chips and only supports their own (or partner's) JTAG controllers. Each development environment is completely different and often a design-by-committee mess to navigate, let alone use. So I continued like most in the direction of my first purchase and messed with Xilinx ISE. I could write pages about this tool (Doesn't support spaces in installation path, 15 gigabyte install, matlab-level licensing even for the free version, on linux first command to run before you use ISE is source settings64.sh, etc.). Above all that, my primary issue is that while the synthesizing/place-and-route (FPGA form of compiling) work on linux, in the newer versions of ISE that no longer require broken kernel drivers, they incorrectly load libusb, so you have to LD_PRELOAD the library, and even then it only seems to correctly load a third of the time. (shameless plug time) I don't think anyone else should have to deal with this crap. I called BS, and started a project I (for now) call "Adapt" to make a tool that runs on all POSIX systems to be able to support all FPGA chips and all JTAG controllers with an easily-extensible code base. Do note that this project does not synthesize or route for chips, only load the bit files onto the chips. Other work is being done on that. I am currently working on re-implementing some JTAG controller firmware so the tool can be distributed without proprietary software, and after that I will get back to the core of the project, add testing, and finish the ability to support multiple chips. http://diamondman.github.io/Adapt/ This project is very much in progress so this is just a heads up for now. However if anyone would like to contribute support for their favorite controller or chip, it would be greatly appreciated.
淘二手商用 FPGA 设备改造，是低价获得大容量芯片的绝佳途径
忍不住要提一下把商用（通常是停产淘汰的）FPGA 产品改造成开发板的做法：它们通常以极低的 eBay 价格提供容量大得多的 FPGA。比如 Pano Logic G1/G2 板、Colorlight 5A-75B、Cisco HWIC-3G-CDMA（附各项目 GitHub 链接）。玩这些是我的乐趣，虽然我有一盒子'正经'开发板，但个人项目我总是回到那块 Cisco 板上。
tverbeure查看英文原文
I can't let a topic like this pass by without mentioning commercial (often obsolete) FPGA-based products that are repurposed as development boards. They usually offer FPGAs with much higher capacity for rock bottom eBay prices. * Pano Logic G1 board: https://github.com/tomverbeure/panologic * Pano Logic G2 board: https://github.com/tomverbeure/panologic-g2 * Colorlight 5A-75B: https://github.com/q3k/chubby75 * Cisco HWIC-3G-CDMA: https://github.com/tomverbeure/cisco-hwic-3g-cdma Playing with these has been a fun hobby of mine and while I have a box full of 'real' development boards, I usually find myself going back to the Cisco board for my personal projects.
DE10-Nano 因 MiSTer 复古游戏模拟生态而配件丰富，适合爱好者
我推荐 Terasic DE10-Nano。因为 MiSTer 项目，围绕这块板已经形成了一个配件小产业，对于可能想要额外外设的爱好者来说是不错的选择。
nkatsaros查看英文原文
I recommend the Terasic DE10-Nano. Because of the MiSTer (https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki) project, a cottage industry has formed around addons for this board which makes it a good choice for hobbyists who may want additional peripherals.
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