历史与人物en.wikipedia.org编辑精选
基米利滑翔机事件
Gimli Glider
2014 — 2016，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是维基百科条目“Gimli Glider（基米尼滑翔机）”的页面，讲述1983年加拿大航空143号航班因公制/英制单位换算错误导致燃油加注不足、双发空中熄火后，机长凭借滑翔机经验将客机侧滑降落在基米尼废弃拖车跑道并成功迫降的著名事件。机上全员生还，该事件也成为航空史上的经典案例。
为什么经久不衰：它兼具惊险故事与工程教训——单位换算失误、系统冗余失效、应急操作，几十年后仍是讨论系统安全与飞行技术的经典素材。
HN 评论精选
指出机长事后反而被降职六个月，凸显事件的荒诞之处
恐怕大多数人都会惊讶：机长Bob Pearson在这次着陆后被降职了六个月——他可是在双发失效的情况下侧滑了一架商用客机，还在基米尼“跑道”（其实是条拖车赛道）上避开了两个骑自行车的孩子。这真是个独特的加拿大故事：因为英制换公制的错误而耗尽燃油。
vic-traill查看英文原文
I expect that most folks would be surprised to hear that Captain Bob Pearson was demoted for six months [0] after this landing, in which he side-slipped a commercial airliner with no functioning engines, and dodged two kids on bicycles on the Gimli 'runway' (read drag strip). Talk about a uniquely Canadian story - running out of fuel because of a mistake in Imperial to Metric unit conversion. This from someone who was in high school in 1978, The Year Dope Dealers Got an 'A' in Math. And if you don't get that joke, you're not a Canadian who grew up in the transition from Imperial to Metric. [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gimli_Glider [edit: duh, added the reference. I get it, after having it being explained to me. Thanks folks. ]
介绍RAT冲压空气涡轮在双发失效时的关键作用
原来客机并不携带备用电池。当所有发动机失效时这会带来问题，因为很多系统是电传操纵的，需要电力。这时就轮到RAT（冲压空气涡轮）救场了：它从机身弹出，靠气流旋转发电，刚好够为关键仪表和操纵系统供电。我曾参观过一家生产RAT的工厂，他们的记分板上记录着RAT被启用的案例和幸存人数——这让人干劲十足。
koliber查看英文原文
So it turns out that passenger jets do not carry backup batteries. This poses problems when all engines fail, as many functions are fly-by-wire, and require power. Th RAT comes to the rescue in such situations. Its a Ram Air Turbine which pops out of the body when called upon. The turbine spins and generates just enough electricity to power the crucial instruments and controls. I was touring a Hamilton Sundstrand factory a long time ago that manufactured these RATs. They had a tally board up that listed situations where the RAT was deployed and the number of people that survived the incident. Talk about being motivated to do a good job!
总结事件对飞行训练和航空系统设计的三项深远影响
这起事件带来了几个改变：1）据我的飞行教官说，正是此事让学员现在要学习前侧滑机动，此前它只被视为滑翔机技术——幸好机长是有经验的滑翔机飞行员；2）它最终推动了燃油/重量计算流程的全面整改和标准化；3）由于发动机为电气系统供电，飞机一度失去不少电力系统，直到冲压空气涡轮启动。此后许多航空系统被设计为不依赖发动机发电机独立运行。
ihunter查看英文原文
A few things came out of this incident: 1) Per my first flight instructor, this is the reason students now learn how to forward slip. Up until then it was just viewed as a glider move. Thankfully the captain was an experienced glider pilot. It's required to demonstrate this maneuver for your private license (not sure about sport license). 2) This ultimately led to overhaul and standardizations for fuel / weight calculations. 3) Because the engines powered the electrical systems via the alternator, the plane lost a number of electrical systems until the ram air turbine kicked in (amazing little invention and kinda saved the day). Afterwards, many subsequent aviation systems were designed to be operated independently from requiring the alternator to be running. Good documentary/recreation on the incident: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bct1mWUp8to. Miraculous that everyone survived, the captain deserves an accolade for quick thinking.
借事件阐述复杂系统安全冗余的失效模式理论
这就是“基本失效模式定理”在起作用：复杂系统通常运行在失效模式中。这也是为什么我对那些看到复杂系统灾难性故障就说‘五重安全系统同时失效，概率低到天文数字’的人持怀疑态度——他们没意识到其中一两个系统其实一直在失效，只是靠另外三个系统阻止失效演变成灾难。
Karellen查看英文原文
Ah yes, The Fundemental Failure Mode Theorem[0] at work: Complex systems usually operate in failure mode. Or, "That's why I'm skeptical of people who look at some catastrophic failure of a complex system and say, "Wow, the odds of this happening are astronomical. Five different safety systems had to fail simultaneously!" What they don't realize is that one or two of those systems are failing all the time, and it's up to the other three systems to prevent the failure from turning into a disaster." [1] [0] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemantics#System_failure [1] http://blogs.msdn.com/b/oldnewthing/archive/2008/04/16/8398400.aspx
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