编程与软件工程google.github.io
Shell 风格指南
Shell Style Guide
2016 — 2018，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是 Google 的 Shell 脚本风格指南，讨论 shell 脚本的适用场景以及 bash 脚本的编写规范。评论区围绕严格模式选项、shebang 写法、静态检查工具和“不要把复杂逻辑写进 shell”等实践展开补充。
为什么经久不衰：它把 shell 脚本的边界和可维护性问题讲得很清楚，多年后仍是编写和评审 shell 脚本时值得参考的基准。
HN 评论精选
建议使用严格模式选项，同时要理解其取舍。
我很惊讶指南没有推荐使用 set -e 等选项。也许这些不算“风格”，但我认为它们是编写 bash 脚本时最重要的设置之一。不过，如果你的脚本要启动其他程序再检查错误码，这些选项确实会带来麻烦，需要临时关闭再打开。
benmmurphy查看英文原文
i'm surprised it doesn't recommend using set -e /other flags. [http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash-strict-mode/] maybe it is not covered because it is not considered 'style' but i think those flags are some of the most important things you can set when writing a bash script. i guess if you are writing scripts that start other things, and then check their error codes it can be annoying because you have turn them off/on.
用 env bash 作为 shebang 更便于移植。
我很惊讶他们选择 #!/bin/bash，而不是 #!/usr/bin/env bash。后者在脚本被到处传递时感觉更灵活、更可靠。
_arvin查看英文原文
I'm really surprised they went with: #!/bin/bash as opposed to: #!/usr/bin/env bash the latter feels more flexible and dependable for a script to be passed around.
推荐用 ShellCheck 对 shell 脚本做静态检查。
顺带一提，shellcheck.net 是一个很棒的 shell 代码静态检查工具。它可以在线使用，也有命令行版本，但最重要的是可以作为你常用编辑器的插件。
ronjouch查看英文原文
Tangentially, http://www.shellcheck.net/ is an awesome static linter for shell code. Available online, as a command-line tool, but most importantly as a plugin for your favorite $EDITOR.
限制 shell 脚本复杂度，简单场景优先考虑可移植的 sh。
指南里“限制 shell 脚本的适用范围”是最佳建议。shell 脚本很难维护，逻辑复杂就应该用 Perl 或 Python。但限制适用范围也意味着你不会用到 bash 的高级特性，所以更应该写成 sh，可移植性无疑更好，也能强化“不要写复杂 shell 脚本”的观念。
nickysielicki查看英文原文
> Bash is the only shell scripting language permitted for > executables. > [...] > The only exception to this is where you're forced to by whatever > you're coding for. One example of this is Solaris SVR4 packages > which require plain Bourne shell for any scripts. > [...] > When to use Shell > > * If you're mostly calling other utilities and are doing > relatively little data manipulation, shell is an acceptable choice > for the task. > > * If performance matters, use something other than shell. > > * If you find you need to use arrays for anything more than > assignment of ${PIPESTATUS}, you should use Python. > > * If you are writing a script that is more than 100 lines long, > you should probably be writing it in Python instead. Bear in mind > that scripts grow. > > * Rewrite your script in another language early to avoid a > time-consuming rewrite at a later date. Limiting the domain of shell scripts is the best advice in here. Shell scripts are terrible to maintain, and you should use perl or python if it's complicated. But limiting the domain of shell scripts also probably means that you're not going to be using any advanced features of bash, so you should write it in sh instead. It's undoubtedly more portable, and it also serves to enforce the idea that you shouldn't write complicated shell scripts. I'll take a leap and say it outright, if you're using a feature of bash that isn't in bourne shell, you shouldn't be writing it in either of them. The internet is littered with bash scripts that are compatible with bourne shell, but the shebang says '#!/bin/bash'. Well some systems don't have bash! But everyone has bourne shell. I'm disappointed by their choice of bash and how this guide might reinforce that behaviour, but other than that, the actual style guidelines are great. [Edit: rewording]
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