设计与产品nngroup.com编辑精选
用户计算机技能的分布：比你想象的更糟
The Distribution of Users’ Computer Skills: Worse Than You Think
2016 — 2019，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇 NN/g 文章依据 OECD 成人技能调查数据，展示用户电脑操作技能的分布远比技术人员想象的更偏向低端：多数人只能完成简单任务，能处理复杂任务的比例很小。作者提醒产品与界面设计者，不要以自身的技术熟练度代表普通用户。
为什么经久不衰：它用数据戳破技术从业者“人人都会用电脑”的错觉，对产品设计、文档和用户体验仍有长期警示价值。
HN 评论精选
精通电脑需要长期积累；不应把不熟悉等同愚蠢，但自嘲有时也是不愿尝试的借口。
我认为我们低估了要真正熟练使用电脑需要多少时间。我对电脑很了解，但也已经密集使用了 22 年。作为黑客，电脑是我们生活的一大部分，我们天生感到熟悉；但别人有别人的生活方式和专长。我们不该把他们的电脑文盲当成愚蠢，就像他们把我们看成“电脑怪人”一样糟糕。另外，不熟悉电脑的人常常过度自嘲；我辅导数学时也见过同样的情况。常说“我电脑很差，这对我来说像黑魔法”，但说这话的人往往根本没尝试，这像是一个偷懒、让别人代劳的借口，而事情常常没那么复杂。
dajohnson89查看英文原文
I think we underestimate how much time is required to be really good with computers. I'm very knowledgeable about computers, but I've been using them heavily for 22 years. We have this innate comfort and familiarity with using computers, but as hackers it's a huge part of our lives. People have other ways of life than us, and have other expertise. We shouldn't dismiss their computer illiteracy as stupidity; it's just as bad as them writing us off as "computer nerds". There's also this tendency for non-computer-literate people to be overly self-deprecating. I noticed this with mathematics, when I tutored people @ uni, but with computers it's the same shit. I constantly hear "yeah, I'm awful with computers, it's all black magic to me". But the person saying that is often not even trying, which is frustrating. It's like a helpless excuse to be lazy and let someone else do the work, which is often not that complicated.
把电脑技能等级映射到阅读水平，帮助直观理解低技能人群的规模。
我分析了技术熟练度与成人阅读水平的对应关系，列出人口比例大致相当的阅读等级：例如第 3 级熟练度约占人口 5%，大学以上阅读水平也约占成人 5%。大致对应为：不会用电脑≈四年级以下（含文盲）；低于 1 级≈4–6 年级阅读水平；1 级≈6–10 年级；2 级≈10 年级到大学；3 级≈大学及以上。
jonmc12查看英文原文
I analyzed technology proficiency level vs adult literacy level. Listing the equivalent literacy level with relatively equal % of population. ie, level 3 proficiency is 5% of population; above a college reading level is 5% of adult population: Cant use computers ~ Under 4th Grade level including illiterate Below level 1 ~ 4-6th grade reading level Level 1 ~ 6-10th grade reading level Level 2 ~ 10th-college reading level Level 3 ~ College+ reading level Literacy %'s from https://contently.com/strategist/2015/01/28/this-surprising-reading-level-analysis-will-change-the-way-you-write/
专业程序员也会被安装和调试卡住，简化设计的原则同样适用于 API、库和文档。
就连大多数程序员也是按这种分布分布的。我团队最近对一个网络库做可用性测试：录下随机程序员按教程和 Hello World 示例安装并写一个简单应用的过程。看他们磕磕绊绊地调试我们觉得显而易见的安装错误很痛苦，就像看普通人用电脑时想直接报答案。为普通人简化 UI 的经验，同样适用于专业程序员：更好的 API、库和文档。
morecoffee查看英文原文
Even most programmers are distributed like this. My team recently was doing usability tests of a networking library that I work on. We screen recorded a few random programmers try to install it and then make a simple app with it, giving them access to our tutorial and Hello World demo. It was painful to watch them stumble about, trying to debug installation errors that seem obvious to us. Just like trying to watch a lay person try to use a computer, watching these other people made me want to blurt out the answer. Any of the lessons that you take away from designing simpler UI for lay people applies just as much to professionals. Write a better API, a better library, and better documentation.
与其一味简化迁就低技能，不如设计能帮助用户学习和掌握技能的工具。
让我沮丧的是，这篇文章的结论以及许多软件设计者的隐含结论是“保持极简，否则三分之二的人用不了你的设计”。我认为更好的结论是：“如果这些技能重要，就设计能帮助并奖励用户发展这些技能的软件。”如果你的 UX 过度优化，只为让用户完成你预设的少数任务，而不是设计成他们能理解的简单工具，那么用户除了这些任务什么也没学会，也就不奇怪了。
mquander查看英文原文
It frustrates me that the takeaway of this post, and the implicit conclusion of many software designers, is "keep it extremely simple, or two thirds of the population can’t use your design." I think a better conclusion is "if these skills are important, design software which aids in and rewards the development of them." If your software is designed with some UX which is hyper-optimized to get users to do some small handful of tasks you thought of, instead of designed as a simple tool they can understand, then it shouldn't be surprising if users don't learn to do anything except those tasks.
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