安全与隐私github.com编辑精选
macOS 安全与隐私实用指南
A practical guide to securing macOS
2016 — 2020,它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页(≥ 50 分)的那次投稿,空心点是没冲上去的投稿,点越大分数越高。
导读
这是 drduh 维护的 macOS 安全与隐私加固指南,GitHub 上的知名开源项目,系统性地介绍了从 FileVault 磁盘加密、SIP、防火墙到密码管理等一系列加固 macOS 的实践方法。它多次登上 Hacker News 首页,但也伴随不少争议。
为什么经久不衰:它是 macOS 加固领域被引用最多的参考文档之一,持续更新多年;尽管部分建议有争议,仍是了解 macOS 安全面和威胁模型的绝佳起点。
HN 评论精选
指南面面俱到但并非最佳实践,密码学相关建议尤其值得怀疑
我喜欢读这类指南,它们有百科全书式的用处,但问题在于它们其实是“把你能想到的每个安全措施都做一遍”的指南,而这并不是保护操作系统的最佳方式。比如在一台锁死的 Mac 上特意装 Adium 来安全通讯可能并不是好主意。这份指南的密码学建议也不算出色:关于随机数(尤其是它与 FileVault 的 XTS 块加密的交互)的说法可以放心忽略;密码管理的建议过于复杂——如果你信任钥匙串,就用钥匙串生成密码,而不是 OpenSSL。
tptacek查看英文原文
I like reading guides like this, and they're useful in a sort of encyclopedic sense, but the problem with them is that they're really a "practical guide to doing every conceivable security thing you could do" with macOS, which is in fact not the best way to secure your operating system. For instance: it's probably not the world's greatest idea to go out of your way to install Adium for secure messaging on a locked-down Mac. The cryptographic advice in this particular guide is not especially great. You can, for instance, safely ignore what it says about randomness (and, in particular, about how it interacts with FileVault's XTS block crypto). Its advice about password management is needlessly complex (if you trust Keychain, use Keychain Assistant to generate passwords, not OpenSSL --- but most of the cool kids just use 1Password, and they're right to do that).
部分加固操作不可逆,可能破坏系统功能
要小心。其中一些工具的设置没有提供回退方法。一位朋友照着这类指南操作后,我们不得不重装系统才能让某些无线功能(可能是 AirDrop)恢复正常。
ents查看英文原文
Be careful. Some of these tools do not include any way to reverse their settings. A friend followed one of these guides and we had to reinstall the OS to get some wireless tech working again (Might have been AirDrop).
浏览器扩展的自动更新是被忽视的攻击面
指南或许应该提一下自动更新的 Chrome 扩展。已发生多起流行扩展的作者将其卖给第三方、随后推送恶意更新的案例。Chrome 会在更新需要新权限时禁用扩展,但这无法拦截那些本来就需要大量权限的扩展的恶意更新。
jamesgeck0查看英文原文
Guide should probably mention automatically updated Chrome extensions. There have been multiple cases where the owner of a popular extension sold it to a 3rd party that pushed out malicious updates. Tab Manager is the most recent instance that comes to mind: http://security.stackexchange.com/a/130600 Chrome does disable extensions when an update requires new permissions, but that won't catch malicious updates to extensions that require extensive permissions for basic functionality.
对特定威胁模型(如威权环境下的用户)而言,这份指南价值极大
我很喜欢这份指南还提供了完整的中文版。每个操作系统都有其适用场景,别动不动就说“真担心安全就换 Linux”。也许身处威权体制的人需要用 macOS 而不是 Linux 来显得不那么可疑,对这些人来说这些信息是无价之宝。顺便说,这就是我们很多人熟知的那个著名 GitHub 指南,只是改名并更新了。
mindfulhack查看英文原文
I love how this is offered fully in Chinese, and that reminds me of something. Every operating system like macOS has its place, no matter what one's threat model is. Don't just say 'move to Linux if you're really worried about security or privacy'. Maybe someone in China or another authoritarian regime needs to look less suspicious on the outside by using macOS instead of Linux. For those people, this information is gold. BTW, this is indeed the famous Github guide many of us have known for years, just now renamed and updated. 2016 HN discussion of it with the old title, 'A practical guide to securing macOS': https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13023823
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