工具与资源blockloop.io
精通 Bash 与终端
Mastering Bash and Terminal
2017 — 2021，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是一篇 Bash 与终端使用技巧教程，涵盖快捷键、历史搜索、任务控制、目录切换等日常命令行操作。文章时隔四年再次登上 Hacker News 首页，作者也确认内容依然适用并计划撰写续篇。
为什么经久不衰：命令行基础技能几十年不变，这篇速查式的技巧合集无论新手还是老手都能随手翻到有用的东西。
HN 评论精选
把全文和讨论区的技巧整理成一份快捷键与命令速查表
好文好帖，来个速查表：Ctrl-r 搜索历史（再按显示下一个匹配，Tab 显示全部选项）；Ctrl-p/Ctrl-n 上一条/下一条命令；在 .bashrc 加 export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth:erasedups 去重；Ctrl-a/Ctrl-e 跳到行首/行尾；Alt-b/Alt-f 按词移动；Ctrl-k/Ctrl-u 删到行尾/行首；Alt-d/Ctrl-w 删词；cd - 回上个目录；pushd/popd 标记和返回目录；z（rupa/z）和 autojump 模糊 cd；Ctrl-z 挂起、bg 后台继续、fg 调回前台、disown -h 脱离终端、fg %n 调第 n 个任务；less 比 cat 好；find 找文件；ag（the_silver_searcher）更快的 grep；tree 树状显示目录；!! 引用上一条命令如 sudo !!；fish 是默认配置更合理的替代品；更多内容看 man bash。
greenspot查看英文原文
Great post & thread, a tl;dr: Ctrl-r search history - then Ctrl-r again to show next match - then Tab to show all options Ctrl-p previous command or arrow up Ctrl-n next command or arrow down export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth:erasedups Add to .bashrc to avoid duplicate entries Ctrl-a to beginning of line Ctrl-e to end of line Alt-b one word back Alt-f one word forward Ctrl-k delete to end of line Ctrl-u delete to beginning of line Alt-d delete to end of word Ctrl-w delete to beginning of word Alt-Backspc same cd - change to last dir pushd <dir> mark current dir and go to <dir> popd go to marked dir z fuzzy cd, install from https://github.com/rupa/z j fuzzy cd and more, install via autojump Ctrl-z to background & suspend bg recent background app continue running fg bring recent background app to front disown -h remove recent background app from current tty fg %n bring nth app to front, e.g.: fg %2 for second less better than cat, doesn't flood screen, same keys find find files, e.g. find / -name <filename> ag install via the_silver_searcher, faster grep tree shows dir like a GUI app, install !! last command, e.g. sudo !! fish bash alternative with more sensible defaults man bash read more about bash
在 vim 里用 :! 和 :r! 直接执行命令并把输出读入缓冲区，比挂起更顺手
与其临时挂起 vim 去用终端，不如用感叹号命令让 vim 自己挂起和恢复，这样不会打乱 vim 会话，还能用 r 前缀把输出读进 vim。例如 :!ls 执行并显示结果；:r!ls 把结果读入；更有用的如 :r!sed -n5,10p that/other/file 读入另一个文件的第 5-10 行。最常用的还是 :!make、:!git status、:!git commit -am "Fixed #23" 这类。
Normal_gaussian查看英文原文
Rather than temporarily suspend vim to use the terminal you can get vim to suspend and resume itself with the exclamation mark command. This has the benefit of not wreaking havoc on your vim session and allowing you to read data into vim by prefixing with r. For example :!ls will execute ls and show you the result (press enter to return) :r!ls will read the result of ls in for you More usefully :r!sed -n5,10p that/other/file will read lines 5-10 from that other file. However you will most often want to :!make :!up build :!git status :!git commit -am "Fixed #23"
作者把 zsh 称为新手是误解，zsh 与 bash 同龄且是超集
文章不错，但有一点让我不舒服：作者说 zsh 和 fish 是“新潮后起之秀”，可 bash 1989 年发布，zsh 只晚一年，根本不算新；而且 zsh 几乎是 bash 的严格超集，不知道作者觉得缺了什么或“替代得不好”。
oblio查看英文原文
The article is nice but a small part of it rubs me the wrong way: > I know there are some cool newcomers out there like zsh and fish, but after trying others out I always found that some of my utilities were missing or ill-replaced. First of all bash was first released in 1989 and zsh arrived just 1 year later so zsh is in no way a newcomer. Secondly zsh is almost strictly a bash superset so I don't know what he was missing (or what he found "ill-replaced").
macOS 自带的 bash 极旧且不会再更新，文章应提及这一点
关于 macOS 和 bash，文章没提到 macOS 自带的 bash 版本非常古老，而且 Apple 大概率永远不会更新它（GNU/Linux 系统和 Windows 则继续使用最新版本）。
teddyh查看英文原文
Regarding macOS and bash, it is slightly remiss of the article to not at least mention that the version of bash in macOS is 1. Ancient. 2. Will most likely never be updated by Apple (Most GNU- and Linux-based systems, and also Windows, on the other hand, continue to use the latest versions.)
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