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溺水并不像溺水那样
Drowning Doesn't Look Like Drowning
2010 — 2018，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇文章解释：真实的溺水往往不像影视里那样挥手呼救，而是出现“本能性溺水反应”——身体垂直、头偏低、嘴在水面附近、手臂向下压水，过程安静而迅速，旁观者很容易误以为人在玩水或没事。文章列出可观察的信号，并提醒儿童溺水尤其无声，救援时应优先递漂浮物、保持距离，而不是贸然下水。
为什么经久不衰：它用反直觉但极实用的识别知识纠正常见误判，是能救命的常识，所以多年反复登上首页仍值得读。
HN 评论精选
施救者要警惕溺水者的本能攀爬；直接下水很危险，优先递漂浮物、等待失去意识或由受训者从背后救援。
还应补充给潜在施救者的信息。本能性溺水反应是一种“攀爬”反应：双臂大幅划动寻找可抓之物，形成两处水花；一旦抓到东西，会自动抓住、往上爬、站上去。此时人极度恐慌，力气远超想象。若你在水中被小孩这样抓住，你会被压下水；你若恐慌也会产生同样反射，反而淹死自己。因此施救有四种基本选择：1. 最常见是直接游过去救；若水浅能站住，让对方爬上来尚可，否则等于自杀，常导致一人溺水变多人。2. 保持距离，递给他可攀附的东西；他看不见杆子去抓，但一碰到就会爬，从而获得空气。3. 等溺水者失去意识后再过去拖带；若不能站底且没有东西可递，推荐此法。4. 仅限受训者：从背后接近，从对方抓不到的位置抓住他并托出水面呼吸，安抚直到放松再拖带；若被抱住就下潜使其松手。
btilly查看英文原文
To this should be added some information for would-be rescuers of drowning people. The instinctive drowning response is a climbing response. What you see are twin splashes as the person's arms flail wide looking for something to grab on to. If they find it the automatic response is to grab it, climb up, and stand on top. The person doing this is panicked and has massively more strength than you think. If you are swimming and a young child does that to you, you will go under water. If you panic, you will get the same reflex, and will drown yourself. Therefore if you wish to rescue someone who is drowning, you have 4 basic options. 1. The most common response is to go to them and try to rescue directly. If the water is shallow enough that you can stand, letting them climb up you can be OK. Otherwise this is suicide. Frequently one drowning leads to multiple others, and this is exactly how they get started. 2. Keep your distance and hand them something to climb on. They can't see a pole to grab it, but if they touch, they will climb, which gives them air. 3. Wait until the drowning person is unconscious. Then go to them and tow them in. If you can't stand in the water, and don't have anything to do 2) with, this is recommended. 4. (For trained people only.) Swim up behind them, grab them from where they can't grab you, and lift them up to get air. Talk soothingly to them until they relax, and then tow them in. If they get hold of you, DIVE so they let go, back off, circle around, and start again. If you do not have lifeguard training then I strongly recommend against trying #4. Unless you know how to do the eggbeater you won't know how to hold them out of water. And if they grab you, you have surprisingly little time to make the correct response before you are drowning as well. Oh yes, and another data point. Drowning is the #1 cause of death in toddlers. It is quiet. It is fast. Beware of the backyard pool.
即使明知安全，面部浸水也会触发强烈本能恐慌；溺水反应很难靠理性控制。
这让我想起潜水认证。做完各种水下测试后，最后一项是摘下面镜再戴回，用调节器气泡吹清面镜。我以为很简单，因为全程可含调节器，练一小时也无危险，像在淋浴时洗头。结果大错：明知安全，脸一入水我就得极力不恐慌，恐惧浪潮袭来，需用全部自制力不冲上水面，因为那可能伤人甚至致死。另两名学生冲上水面，被教练抓住。后来知道这是很常见的本能反应。我惊讶于它如此强烈，也对“蜥蜴脑”有了新的敬意。
spanktheuser查看英文原文
This reminds me of something from scuba certification. After doing all this scary stuff underwater( like taking the regulator out of your mouth, dropping it, then recovering and re-inserting with your eyes closed) one of the last tests was to take off your mask, put it back on, and use your regulator bubbles to blow your mask clear of water. Easy, I thought. You get to keep your regulator in the whole time. So you could literally spend 60 minutes getting this right with absolutely no danger. Frankly, it sounded about as intimidating as washing your hair in the shower. Oh, how wrong I was. Despite the fact that I knew I was perfectly safe, the second my face was immersed in water, I had to fight hard to not panic. I felt waves of fear threatening to engulf me, and it took every ounce of self control not to bolt for the surface (which can injure or kill you). Two other students did bolt for the surface before being grabbed by instructors. I later learned that this is a very common, instinctive reaction. I was amazed at how powerful this reaction was, and gained a newfound respect for the lizard brain.
亲身经历说明岸上人可能看不出、喊叫无效、泳池技能不等于海泳，恐慌下理性会失效。
不到一年前，我和几个朋友差点溺死，获救前我已接受最坏结果。朋友在岸上，我能挥手喊叫一会儿，因为我意识到自己快溺水了——离岸流正快速把我们往后拉。从我的角度，惊讶的是：1. 我大喊，岸上朋友仍盯着我，像一切正常；2. 我没想到海浪噪音让他们听不见；3. 我蠢到浪费体力挥手喊叫，而不是保持漂浮；4. 泳池游得好与在海里游得好几乎无关；5. 恐慌中没想到仰躺，盐水几乎不用动就能浮；6. 有朋友也没用，通常更糟，因为人人自救，会推倒别人往上爬。我们下水前喝了酒、吃了很多。幸运都活下来，但已接受最坏结果。我无需救生员自己出来，但需叫救生员救两个更糟的朋友。
sev查看英文原文
Less than a year ago me and a few friends of mine were about to drown and I had accepted it before I got out. A few of my friends were at shore, I was able to wave and yell for a bit, because I had realized I was going to drown before I actually did start to (there was a rip current and so it was pulling my friends and I backward very quickly). From my perspective, it was amazing to me that: 1) I was Yelling and screaming, and my friends at shore continued to stare toward me like everything was completely normal. 2) I was not thinking clearly that the noise from the ocean and waves would not allow my friends at shore to hear me. 3) I was stupid enough at that moment to waste energy by waving and yelling rather than trying to stay afloat. 4) Knowing how to swim well in a pool had little to do with knowing how to swim well in the ocean. 5) During the panic, I did not try to lay on my back on the water, knowing salt water keeps you afloat without much movement necessary 6) Having friends with you is no benefit at all during such a situation. In fact, it's usually a bad thing, because everyone is fighting for their lives, and no one cares what they need to push down to pull themselves up. Admittedly, we had had a few drinks and lots of food before we went in. Luckily we all survived, but we had all accepted the worst possible outcome. I was able to get out without a lifeguard, but needed to go call one for 2 of my friends who were in worse conditions than I was. If you ever get stuck in a rip current, swim diagonally toward shore.
识别溺水需要练习；真实视频是很好的训练材料，他也曾差点错过救援。
可以用公共泳池的真实视频练习识别溺水：http://spotthedrowningchild.com/ 。它不错但不完美，因为救生员通常会在孩子溺水前及时救起，但仍是很好的练习。我做这个练习相当可靠，但也不完美。几年前我救过一个溺水男子，但差一点没做到：https://medium.com/@ideasasylum/i-saved-a-man-from-drowning-today-1994833cff4
hopeless查看英文原文
Practice spotting someone drowning from real videos of public swimming pools: http://spotthedrowningchild.com/ It's good but not perfect since the lifeguard thankfully rescues them before they drown but it's still a good exercise. I can do this exercise fairly reliably but I'm not perfect either. A few years ago I saved a man from drowning _but_ I very very nearly didn't: https://medium.com/@ideasasylum/i-saved-a-man-from-drowning-today-1994833cff4
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