系统与基础设施debian-handbook.info
Debian 10 Buster 手册
Debian Handbook for Debian 10 Buster
2012 — 2022，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是《Debian Handbook》的在线阅读版本，当前面向 Debian 10（Buster），系统讲解 Debian 的安装、包管理、系统管理与常用服务配置。它长期作为免费、成体系的 Debian/Linux 参考书，适合管理员和进阶用户查阅。
为什么经久不衰：它把 Debian 特有的包管理与系统管理讲得系统且可操作，基础概念不会随单个版本迅速过时，因此多年后仍是可靠的案头参考。
HN 评论精选
推荐用 Arch Wiki 学习通用 Linux 服务知识，并注意区分 Arch 特有的配置。
就 Linux 文档而言，我通常有两个建议：一是在虚拟机里装个 Arch Linux 折腾一下——不是因为我特别喜欢它或用于生产，而是因为 Arch Wiki 对各个守护进程和子系统来说信息非常丰富；二是善用 Arch Wiki。至少了解 Arch 的基本组织方式后，你就能更好分辨哪些技术资料是 Arch 特有的，哪些是 Debian 或 CentOS 上同类守护进程（例如 Postfix、Dovecot）通用的。
walrus01查看英文原文
In terms of linux documentation, generally, I have two recommendations. One, install Arch Linux in a VM and mess around with it a bit. Not because I particularly like it, or use it for any production purposes. But because the Arch wiki is such a wealth of information on individual daemons and subsystems. Secondly, make use of the Arch wiki. By knowing at least the basics of how Arch is organized, you can better discern what technical reference material is unique to specific quirks of arch, and what is general to the same daemons running on debian or centos (postfix or dovecot, for instance). examples of generically useful reference: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Network_Time_Protocol_daemon https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Postfix https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd
现代运维用 Ansible 等自动化脚本让系统可重建、OS 可丢弃，传统手工维护安装的方式已不再必要。
Debian 曾经是必需品：安装系统的信息复杂度由包管理器的水平决定，你会依赖它们做明智决策，这些决策连同原始源码被编进 debian/ 目录和 dpkg 源码里。如今这些似乎都被抛在一边：我的站点安装信息全在一组 Ansible playbook 里，它们能在任何现代 Linux 上完成安装，结果在 90 年代的系统管理员看来可能一团糟，但没关系——它仍像过去精心维护的 Debian 安装一样可复现，而且一旦不稳定，直接全部摧毁重建即可。既然一切都如此自动化，不经常清空重装反而像是做错了。我不再需要一 GB 以上的备份来保存僵化的 Debian 安装作为后备，取而代之的是几 kB 的 YAML 和 Ansible。比如 Debian 10 自带 LXC 3，我想要 LXC 4 就脚本化构建安装；需要备份的是脚本，操作系统是一次性的。
gorgoiler查看英文原文
Debian used to be a necessity. The informational complexity of an OS installation was defined by the skill of the package managers. You would rely on them to make smart decisions, which would be codified in the debian/ directory alongside the original source, in the dpkg sources themselves. All that feels by the wayside nowadays. The information about my site installation is all in a set of ansible playbooks. They could blast their way through an installation of any modern Linux OS and the result would look like an horrendous mess to a sysadmin from the 90s, but who cares? It’s still as reproducible as the carefully tended garden that was a Debian installation of the old days, but with the advantage that whenever the install drifts into instability you can just nuke everything and rebuild from scratch. In fact, it’s all so automated, if you aren’t regularly blasting everything away and reinstalling, you’re doing it wrong. No longer do I have a gigabyte or more of backups representing my ossified Debian install as a fallback. Instead I have a few kB of YAML and ansible to build everything. Case in point. Debian 10 ships with LXC 3. If I want LXC 4 I just script the build and installation. The script is what needs backing up. The OS is disposable. In the past I might have taken care to ./configure to install in /opt but why bother? It’s more work (LD_LIBRARY_PATH needs setting) so just blast it into /use/bin and don’t lose sleep over treading on Debian’s carefully pedicured toes. If it doesn’t work out, reimage and try something else. It’s wonderfully transient. I miss the old days, but I embrace the controlled chaos, volatility, and dynamism of the future. I can do what I want instead of what, in the last, was carefully curated for me by expert Debian maintainers. A bazaar to their cathedral, sort of.
作者曾以为手册停更，Buster 版回归令人欣慰，但封面信息滞后。
我以为这本书背后的工作已经终止了，因为 Debian 9 没有对应版本。在 Debian 6-8 时代它一直是我极好的资源，很高兴看到它回归！小挑刺：封面还写着“Debian Jessie”。
chungy查看英文原文
I thought the effort behind this book died, given the lack of one for Debian 9. This was always an excellent resource for me in the Debian 6-8 days, and I'm glad to see it back! Nitpick: the cover still says "Debian Jessie"
Debian 包格式可用基础 Unix 工具解包，这一设计利于可移植性与灾难恢复。
浏览手册十分钟，我就发现了一些此前不知道的重要信息：Debian 包格式的设计使其内容可以在任何具备经典命令 ar、tar 和 gzip 的 Unix 系统上解包。这个看似微不足道的特性对可移植性和灾难恢复很重要。
fl3tch查看英文原文
10 minutes browsing through the handbook and I already found great info that I did not know: The Debian package format is designed so that its content may be extracted on any Unix system that has the classic commands ar, tar, and gzip. This seemingly trivial property is important for portability and disaster recovery.
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