安全与隐私bunniestudios.com编辑精选
破解 MicroSD 卡
On Hacking MicroSD Cards
2013 — 2020,它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页(≥ 50 分)的那次投稿,空心点是没冲上去的投稿,点越大分数越高。
导读
Bunnie Huang 的经典文章记录了对 microSD 卡内部控制器与固件的逆向分析:他把看似封闭的存储卡拆开,展示其中的通用微控制器、可访问的固件/接口,以及由此带来的安全与滥用空间。评论进一步延伸到固件后门、廉价 SoC,以及虚标容量和回收芯片等问题。
为什么经久不衰:它揭示了最普通的存储卡其实是一台可被逆向和改写的微型计算机,是理解固件、硬件与供应链安全的经典入口,所以多年后仍值得读。
HN 评论精选
固件后门常因怠工、侥幸或缺乏安全分析而被有意或无意留下。
固件里竟然有这么多后门,而负责的工程师往往用以下一条或几条理由来开脱:“我只是照管理层要求做”“谁会找到这个”“找到了也没用”“不然怎么做测试”“啊?”。我也参与过有意留下这类后门的项目,但大多数固件团队恐怕没那么有意为之。
kabdib查看英文原文
It's amazing how much firmware has these back doors, where the engineers responsible have one or more of the following justifications: - "I don't care, this is just my job. And I was told to do it by management." [what can I say? This sums up a lot of grunt coders I know] - "What are the chances that anyone will find this?" [lack of appreciation for how smart and dedicated attackers can be] - "So what if they do? It's not like it's useful" [lack of proper analysis] - "How else are we going to run tests?" [poor design / fear] - "Huh?" [absolutely oblivious about security] I've worked on projects where we made the very conscious choice to leave doors like this open, but I doubt that most firmware shops are that intentional about it.
日常存储卡的计算能力已远超早期家用电脑。
所以现在我的 microSD 卡里那颗 CPU 比我第一台电脑(C64)快 100 倍,存储容量至少大 10^5 倍。太惊人了。
radicalbyte查看英文原文
So now my microSD card has as CPU 100x faster than my first computer (C64), and access to storage at least 10^5 times larger. Amazing.
SD 卡内控制器展现了极廉价通用 SoC/Arduino 替代品的可能性。
对我来说,最大的收获不是 SD 卡固件可重编程,而是似乎存在一个相对高性能、廉价的 Arduino 竞争者的机会。作为软件侧人员,我很惊讶现在只要几美分就能造出 100MHz 核心和大量内存;很多低成本场景下,制造这种 SoC 与生产闪存卡差别不大。那就干吧!
Udo查看英文原文
For me, the big take-away here is not that SD cards have firmware that can be reprogrammed, but that there's apparently an opening for a comparatively high performance, cheap Arduino competitor. Being decidedly on the software side of things, I have to admit I was surprised to see that a 100MHz core with loads of memory could be produced for just a few cents now. There are probably dozens of low-cost places where fabrication of such a SoC would be only a minimal departure from churning out flash cards. I'd say let's do exactly that!
虚标或回收容量在技术上可能,但经济性存疑。
> 它可以是全新优质硅片,也可以是坏块超过 80% 的材料。 我之前没想到,一张 512GB SD 卡如果磨损不均、只有 90% 单元坏掉,可以被重新包装成 32GB 卡。而且这是 2013 年的内容。我不确定这种回收方式是否划算。
dehrmann查看英文原文
> It can be anything from high-grade factory-new silicon to material with over 80% bad sectors. Guess I hadn't considered that a 512GB SD card could be repackaged as a 32GB card if the wear pattern isn't even and only 90% of the cells are dead. Also, 2013. I'm not convinced recycling this way is cost-effective.
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