互联网与文化apple.com编辑精选
关于 Flash 的思考
Thoughts on Flash
2010 — 2021，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是乔布斯 2010 年发表的公开信，阐述苹果为何拒绝在 iPhone/iPad 上支持 Adobe Flash：Flash 封闭、不开放、耗电、安全性差、不适合触屏，且跨平台中间层会阻碍应用质量提升，苹果押注 HTML5 等开放标准。该文后来从苹果官网被删除，2021 年因讨论其历史意义再次登上 Hacker News。
为什么经久不衰：它是移动时代平台之争的标志性文献，既展示了乔布斯清晰直白的论辩风格，也预示了此后十年关于开放标准、应用商店与平台控制的持续争论，今天读来仍具现实意义。
HN 评论精选
认为苹果强制规定开发语言是错误且危险的做法，市场本可自行淘汰劣质应用
他所说的“最重要的理由”恰恰是最大的错误。如果使用某些库或跨平台工具真的会导致应用质量更差，市场自会解决。这类工具也并非完全屏蔽底层 API，而是处于一个连续谱上。苹果在封杀 Flash 这类极端案例时，实际上也封杀了编译器。我聊过的每个程序员都认为只允许用 C、C++ 和 Objective-C 写应用既愚蠢又邪恶（该有个词形容：stevil？）。苹果高层肯定有人意识到 dictate 黑客用什么语言有多疯狂，让我担心的是这些人的意见没有被听见。
pg查看英文原文
What he describes as the "most important reason" is also the big mistake here. If using certain libraries or cross-platform development tools truly did result in worse apps, then the market would take care of that. He also doesn't seem to understand that such tools do not all totally hide the underlying APIs. They fall along a continuum in that respect. And in trying to ban extreme cases like Flash, Apple has also basically banned compilers. Every programmer I've talked to about this thought it was some combination of stupid and evil (there ought to be a word for that; stevil?) to insist that apps be written only in C, C++, and Objective-C. Surely there must be people fairly high up in Apple who realize what a crazy move it is to try to dictate to hackers what programming language they should use. It worries me that those people aren't being heard.
讽刺苹果指责 Flash 封闭，而自己的 iPhone 生态在开放性上远不如 Flash
Flash 封闭、苹果开放？真的吗？我可以完全免费、合法、无限制地构建 Flash 应用，播放器也免费且向后兼容，这相当开放。而开发 iPhone 应用我要付费，只能在苹果的电脑和系统上做，只能跑在苹果的硬件上，构建方式受限，还要忍受不透明的审核流程。论开放程度，这让比尔·盖茨都显得像 RMS。
efsavage查看英文原文
Flash is closed, Apple is open. Huh? I can build a flash app entirely for free, legally, with zero restrictions, forever, on the tools I used to write it, or where I can deploy it to. Adobe has bent over backwards to make players (also free) backwards compatible. That's pretty open. I must pay to build an iphone app, which I can only do on a computer owned by the same company, running an OS owned by the same company. This app only runs on hardware made by said company, and only run on an OS by said company. I am restricted in how I can build this, and must live by the whims of an opaque editorial process. In terms of openness, this makes Bill Gates look like RMS.
认为苹果若真支持 HTML5，就应让 Web 应用在 App Store 中与原生应用平等竞争
既然苹果把 HTML5 作为 Flash（以及隐含的 iPhoneOS API）的替代方案推销，为什么不让它与 Cocoa Touch 应用直接竞争？为什么不为 HTML5 开发者提供进入 App Store 变现和被发现的机会？苹果已有出色的离线移动 Web 应用文档，却仍把 Web 应用当作“真正的”iPhone 应用的私生子对待。基于开放标准的 HTML5 应用应与 Cocoa Touch 应用享有同等地位，那才是言行一致。
joshwa查看英文原文
If they're going to pitch HTML5 as an alternative to Flash (and, implicitly, the iPhoneOS API), then why not let them compete directly with Cocoa Touch apps? Why not offer HTML5 developers a way to take advantage of the App Store's monetization and discoverability? Apple already provides some amazing documentation and tutorials for making offline-capable mobile web apps, but they're still treated by Apple as the bastard cousins of "real" iPhone apps. They should buy or provide an officially-supported analogue to a tool like PhoneGap[1] or Titanium[2], allowing HTML5 apps to appear in the App Store, and perhaps provide an Apple-supported framework such as their mysterious PastryKit[3] or contribute to SproutCore[4], giving HTML5 developers better tools to conform to Apple's HIG. HTML5 apps built on open standards should be on an equal footing with apps built in Cocoa Touch. That would be walking the walk. [1] http://phonegap.com/ [2] http://www.appcelerator.com/ [3] http://daringfireball.net/2009/12/pastrykit [4] http://blog.sproutcore.com/post/531215199/introducing-sproutcore-touch EDIT: "officially-supported analogue" EDIT: footnotes
指出苹果当年推崇 HTML5，如今却打压 PWA，前后立场自相矛盾
背景：乔布斯在文中建议移动开发应聚焦 HTML5（如今称为 PWA）。而苹果最近正在推行反 PWA 的做法，大概是为了强化其“围墙花园”。
max_查看英文原文
Context: In the essay [0], Jobs suggested mobile app development on should focus on HTML5 (which is now called Progressive Web Apps / PWA) Apple has has been recently been rolling out anti-PWA practices [1]. Probably to reinforce their "walled garden". [0]: https://web.archive.org/web/20170615060422/https://www.apple.com/hotnews/thoughts-on-flash/ [1]: https://ionicframework.com/blog/is-apple-trying-to-kill-pwas/
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