职业与工作方法cse.buffalo.edu
如何学习（2016）
How to Study (2016)
2017 — 2024，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是布法罗大学教授撰写的一份学习指南，系统讲述如何上课、做笔记、阅读、备考以及管理时间等具体方法。文章强调主动理解与时间规划，而非被动听讲和临时抱佛脚。
为什么经久不衰：它把“如何学习”拆成可操作的习惯和步骤，不依赖天赋，多年后仍适合学生和自学者对照实践。
HN 评论精选
学习技巧必须考虑学生所处的教育环境和生存压力，否则容易失效。
脱离教育环境谈“如何学习”往往一开始就失效，因为环境常常是最大的、你无法控制的影响因素。学习能力还取决于先前基础、可用时间、流体智力、心理稳定性等一堆随机因素，它们需要恰好配合。对少数人能配合得很好，对多数人则不然；有些人根本配合不上，可能就被淘汰。结果是学生无法真正跟上，只能进入“生存模式”勉强应付，学习本身反而受损。多数学习技巧的缺陷在于没有考虑这种生存模式，也不是帮人熬过去的技术。真正的学习不该是匆忙和高度竞争的，但普通学生面对的恰恰如此。比如记非常密集的笔记，如果太耗时又非必要，很容易适得其反。知道学什么、怎么学、不学什么，都是独立技能，并非人人具备，也很难简单概括，因为它更接近技能而非知识，且取决于个人强弱项。
projektir查看英文原文
Ideas on "how to study" in the context of an educational environment fail on the outset because that environment is often the greatest influence that you really can't control. Studying ability often becomes a factor of prior exposure, time availability, fluid intelligence, mental stability, and a bunch of other random factors that all need to align reasonably well. For a small fraction of the population, these things will align. For any given person, they're not going to align all that well. For some people, they're not going to align well at all, and they may not make it. What ends up happening is that the person can't truly properly keep up, so they end up surviving instead. And they may succeed in doing just that, but learning will be damaged. Most studying techniques fall short because they do not properly account for this survival mode and are not really the techniques that help someone, well, survive. Proper learning is not rushed and hyper competitive, but what the average student encounters is. Taking very dense notes, for instance, can easily backfire if it takes too much time and if it's not truly needed. Knowing what to learn, how to learn it, what not to learn, etc., are all separate skills, and not everyone has them. And it's not something that can easily be summarized because it's more of a skill than a piece of knowledge, and most of it comes down to your personal strengths as well as weaknesses. There are plenty of successful students who have broken all of these rules and I'm sure we all know a few.
反对过度复杂的学习技巧，主张课堂专注理解、质疑提问，笔记写而不必重读。
我几乎完全不同意这篇文章。从我的经验看，在家大量学习、用特别方式记笔记之类，往往是把学习过度复杂化了。我认为应该几乎只专注于理解被讲解的观念，并尽量去质疑它们；发现觉得不该如此的地方就提问。仅仅探索这些概念就能带来深入理解，几乎不需要额外在家用功，常常完全不需要。老师回答你的问题时，你会理解更深，老师也会（尤其在较高教学阶段），其他想学的学生同样受益。记笔记是强迫自己表述观念的好办法，如果你还没这么做的话，但多数笔记不必也不该被重读，写下来就够了。
jaddood查看英文原文
I disagree almost completely with the article. From my experience, it is almost always an over complication of learning to study a lot at home and to take notes in a special way or whatever. What you should do, in my opinion, is to focus almost exclusively on the ideas explained and try in any way to oppose them, when you find something you feel shouldn't be how it is, ask. The mere exploration of the concepts gives deep understanding of them and will require you almost no extra work at home. Often it will literally need no extra work at all. Also, when the teacher answers your question, you will get even deeper insight and so will the teacher (especially when it comes to higher levels of teaching) and most other students who care to learn. Jotting down notes is a nice way to force yourself to formulate the ideas yourself, if you don't already do so, but most often, these notes needn't and shouldn't be read. They should just be written down.
最好的学习方式是像玩游戏一样摆弄和迁移知识，而不是当成苦差事。
我发现学习一样东西的最好方式就是“玩”它，不管是一篇文章、一个句子、一个公式、一个函数还是一个算法。最关键的是摆弄它：在脑子里翻转它，尝试把它应用到不同情境，甚至看似荒谬的情境。每个知识点都像一块特定形状的积木，等着你试试能不能塞进某个随机发现的圆孔里。我觉得人们把高等教育当成工作，而不是当成一个要去精通游戏。其实是一回事。
drenvuk查看英文原文
I've found that the best way to learn something is to play with that thing. Doesn't matter if it's an essay, a sentence, a formula, a function, an algorithm, or whatever. The most essential thing is to play with it. Turn it around in your head, try to apply it to different circumstances - even ones where it would seem nonsensical. Everything is just a block or piece of knowledge in a certain shape waiting for you to see if you can fit it into some random kinda-round hole you found. I feel like people approach higher levels of education more like a job than like a game to master. It's all the same.
实用建议：与投入的学生结伴学习，并提前完成作业以管理时间、结交师长。
我很喜欢这篇文章和这个话题。分享一个小故事：大一结束后我平均成绩是 B。假期里我和一位大学教授吃饭，问他怎么提高成绩，他给了两点建议：1. 上课第一天观察那些提问有质量、投入的学生，坐在他们旁边并和他们一起学习。2. 小作业提前一天完成，大作业提前一周完成。这是一个强制机制，既能有效管理时间（文章反复提到），也能和助教、教授建立关系。这些建议帮我提高了成绩，学习能力也大幅提升。
waderyan查看英文原文
I enjoyed this article and this subject. A small anecdote to share. I had a B average after my freshman year. During the break, I had dinner with a university professor. I asked him how I could improve my grades and he shared the following points of advice. 1. On the first day of class observe the students who ask intelligent questions and are engaged. Sit by and study with them. 2. Finish small assignments a day before the due date and large assignments a week before. This is a forcing function to 1) manage your time effectively (referenced repeatedly in the article) 2) befriend your TA's and professors. This advice helped me improve my grades and I felt a massive lift in my learning ability.
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