科学与数学news.harvard.edu
哈佛历时80年的研究：如何活得健康快乐
80-year Harvard study has been showing how to live a healthy and happy life
2017 — 2022，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
哈佛大学一项持续近 80 年的成人发展研究，追踪数百人从青年到晚年的人生轨迹，得出的核心结论是：良好的人际关系——而非财富、名望或成就——是健康与幸福最重要的预测因素。文章介绍了研究方法及不同人生阶段中关系质量对身心健康的深远影响。
为什么经久不衰：它用罕见的超长期追踪数据印证了'关系决定幸福'这一朴素直觉，在远程办公与孤独感加剧的今天尤其发人深省。
HN 评论精选
远程办公者以亲身经历印证：长期缺乏社交导致健康、记忆和情绪全面恶化
我从这篇文章得到的启示是：社交互动对健康极其重要，而我们往往把它视为理所当然。在电脑和封闭办公环境的时代，即使是随意的交流对身心健康的影响也值得警惕。我有亲身经历印证这项研究：我远程办公多年，每天平均只和妻子一个人交流。近年来我比以往任何时候都更容易生病；尤其最近一年智力明显衰退，解决复杂问题变得困难；记忆力下降，连妻子都注意到我忘了许多小事，还养成了不自然的'心不在焉的老教授'气质；社交变得更吃力，对原本自然的互动想得太多；最后，我抑郁得多了。我劝每个人……
rubicon33查看英文原文
What I take from this article is that social interaction is extremely important to ones health, and it's something that we largely taken for granted. In the age of computers and secluded work environments, I think we need to be aware of the effect that even casual interaction has on our mental and physical health. I have some personal/anecdotal experience which back this research up and affirms my belief that communication and interaction with others is vital. I've been working from home for a number of years. During this time I've on average spoken with and interacted with 1 person every day - my wife. I occasionally go out, occasionally see family members, but the majority of my day-to-day work is quiet, alone, working at a computer. - I have been more sick in recent years than ever before in my life. This is even compared to previously living in a major city and taking public transportation. - I have been experiencing sharp mental decline especially in the last year. Solving complex problems is much more challenging. - My memory is suffering. Even my wife has begun to notice, I forget little things and have developed an "aloof professor" disposition that wasn't natural to me. - I now find social interaction more difficult. I'm more akward, and find myself over-thinking previously natural interactions. - Lastly ... I'm far more depressed. I just don't enjoy much these days. I wake up, work, don't talk to many people. The TLDR here is that I urge everyone to tend to their social garden. I let mine decay for too long, and I'm paying the price now. I am beginning the process of restoring connections, and getting out more, and I'm already noticing an improved mood. Oh and I should mention - I'm naturally an introvert so this reclusive lifestyle was all too comfortable for me.
引用《独自打保龄》佐证：社会融入对健康的影响堪比吸烟等风险因素
我觉得这完全可信，因为帕特南在经典著作《独自打保龄》中几乎得出了同样的结论。摘录几句：'数十项严谨的研究已经毫无疑义地确立……我们与社区融合越深，就越不容易患感冒、心脏病、中风、癌症、抑郁症和各种早逝。''社会融合和社会支持对健康的贡献，其强度可与吸烟、肥胖、高血压和缺乏运动等风险因素的危害相匹敌。'……'粗略的经验法则是：如果你不属于任何团体但决定加入一个，你未来一年的死亡风险会减半。'帕特南调查的是大量研究，而不只是哈佛这一项。
fernly查看英文原文
I find this perfectly credible because almost exactly the same conclusions were stated by Putnam in the classic _Bowling Alone_ [1]. A couple of pull-quotes from that, > Dozens of painstaking studies... have established beyond reasonable doubt that ... [t]he more integrated we are with our community, the less likely we are to experience colds, heart attacks, strokes, cancer, depression and premature death of all sorts... > ... the positive contributions to health made by social integration and social support rival in strength the detrimental contributions of ... risk factors like ... smoking, obesity, elevated blood pressure, and physical inactivity. > ...as a rough rule of thumb, if you belong to no groups but decide to join one, you cut your risk of dying over the next year in half. Putnam was surveying a large number of studies, not just the Harvard one. [1] Putnam, Robert D, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community; https://www.amazon.com/Bowling-Alone-Collapse-American-Community/dp/0743203046/
分享实用建议：在新城市通过成为餐馆常客快速建立社交圈
我有个在新城市落脚的简单方法。我二十多岁时常搬家，有时到了一个人生地不熟的地方。我的做法是：找一家本地人常去的餐馆（不是游客店），每天晚上同一时间去吃晚饭，预算紧就找早鸟特价。成为常客，和服务员聊八卦，夸厨师手艺，和老太太、工人们攀谈。几周后你就会被邀请参加生日聚会，也有机会回馈——帮忙铲雪道、参加食品捐赠活动。夏季变体是农贸市场：摊主每周都一样，买罐蜂蜜、真诚提问，他们就会记住你。很快消息传开，你就不再是陌生人了！
indescions_2017查看英文原文
I've got a simple hack I employ when in a new city. All through my twenties, I moved basically every year or two. Most of the time I had a network of family or associates to drawn upon before arrival. But often, I'd find myself a complete stranger, knowing not a single soul. What I'd do is this: find a local diner, not a touristy place, but a real local institution and landmark. And then eat dinner there every single night at the same time. If constrained budget wise, look for the early bird dinner specials. Become a regular. Trade gossip with the wait-staff, complement the cooks on their sublime creations, chat up the little old ladies, engage the workmen about their craft. After a few weeks you'll find yourself invited to birthday parties and have the opportunity to give back your own time and energy, shovelling a driveway or helping out at a food drive. A summer time variant: farmers markets. They typically have the same vendors every week and will remember you if you purchase a quart of organic honey and ask with genuine interest questions about their practise. Offer to get them started on Facebook / Shopify. Pretty soon, word spreads and you're no longer a stranger in town!
质疑研究：多为相关性证据，可能存在反向因果，标题也名不副实
几点评论：1. 我确信存在带来快乐的好基因，也确信存在导致不快乐的坏基因。2. 文章实际谈的是与人的关系，而非幸福本身（比如一个从听古典音乐中持续获得快乐的隐士呢？）标题起得不好。3. 文中所述大多是相关性，存在明显的替代解释，比如反向因果：如果健康问题严重到一定程度，可能会妨碍你的人际关系。例如'80 岁时婚姻幸福的人报告说，即使身体更痛的日子情绪也没受影响；婚姻不幸的人则身心之痛都更重'——也许是身体更痛的人更容易对配偶发火，或更少做让配偶感到被爱的事。论点或许正确，但文章夸大了证据的确定性。
waterhouse查看英文原文
Comments: 1. To the title: I'm confident there are good genes that cause joy. I'm certain there are bad genes that cause anti-joy. 2. The actual article talks about relationships with people, and not about happiness per se. (For example, what about a hermit who constantly derives joy from listening to classical music?) Bad title. 3. Most of what is stated is a correlation, and it seems there are obvious alternative explanations, such as the opposite-direction causality: if your health problems get bad enough, that may interfere with your relationships. For example: "Part of a study found that people who had happy marriages in their 80s reported that their moods didn’t suffer even on the days when they had more physical pain. Those who had unhappy marriages felt both more emotional and physical pain." Maybe those who feel worse physical pain are more likely to snap at their spouse, and/or less likely to do the things that make their spouse feel loved. I mean, it's plausible that the thesis is correct, but the article seems to overstate the certainty of the evidence.
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