互联网与文化neustadt.fr
反对日益敌视用户的网络
Against an Increasingly User-Hostile Web
2017 — 2022，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇随笔批评当代 Web 越来越对用户不友好：早期 Web 的理想是开放链接、共享知识，如今却充斥广告、追踪、注册与分享诱导，大量时间还被 Facebook、Twitter 等封闭平台吸走。作者认为，以广告为核心的商业模式和互联网从业者的逐利，正在侵蚀 Web 原有的开放价值。
为什么经久不衰：它多年前就系统描述了今天习以为常的广告追踪、平台围墙和内容诱导，是理解开放 Web 如何被平台化与商业化侵蚀的经典文本。
HN 评论精选
补充一种被忽视的敌意：强制视频化、拖长内容和 JS/广告拖慢页面，都是在控制用户消费方式。
这是一篇好且有信息量的文章。不过还有一个“对用户不友好”的方面没被提到：网站试图精确控制用户消费内容的方式。现在越来越多内容以视频形式发布，这对想自由阅读或快速浏览的人本身就是敌意的；许多提供者明知内容不多，却把真正的信息拖到视频最后10%（如果有的话），我最终会原则上放弃这类来源。被 JavaScript 和广告拖得又慢又笨重的网站也一样，这种问题甚至延伸到现代电视和电影：内容变少、噪音变多、锁定观众的力度变大。
blunte查看英文原文
This is a good an informative essay. However, there's another element of "user-hostile" that I didn't see addressed (maybe I missed it in my haste?) -- that is the websites trying to control exactly how the content is consumed by the user. It seems increasingly that web content is being delivered in video form. That itself is hostile to some people. Some of us want the freedom to read (or scan quickly). But many of the providers of "content" know they have little to provide, so they drag it out in video form, saving the actual information for the last 10% of the video (if ever!) This I find incredibly hostile, and it makes me eventually abandon that source as a matter of principle. Then there are javascript-jacked sites, sites that are unbearably slow and clunky because of a mix of javascript/ads. I won't mention any specific sites, but I stopped reading one similar to Mired.com long ago for that reason. This problem isn't just limited to the web though. If you're unfortunate enough to see modern television (or movies, for that matter), it's clear that the amount of content has gone down, the noise has gone up, and the efforts to lock the audience in have increased. There are some people who advocate avoiding all news and media. I think it's a bit extreme, but it may be more beneficial than harmful.
怀念无商业利益的邮件列表/新闻组时代，认为商业力量把 Web 变成了广告与监控驱动的单向广播。
对2000年代初的许多人来说，Web 是神奇的：连上电话线，让它发出怪声，突然就能访问全世界似乎无穷无尽的想法。那声怪响代表的是当时科幻般的近乎即时全球通信。我却有点怀念前 Web 时代，那时主要通信方式是邮件列表和新闻组，没有商业利益；Web 出现后事情开始变坏，公司像苍蝇一样涌来，竭力把它变成充满广告、间谍软件、被简化、单向广播的媒介，和电视差不多。
pmoriarty查看英文原文
"For many of us in the early 2000s, the web was magical. You connected a phone line to your computer, let it make a funny noise and suddenly you had access to a seemingly-unending repository of thoughts and ideas from people around the world. "It might not seem like much now, but what that noise represented was the stuff of science fiction at the time: near-instantaneous communication at a planetary scale. It was a big deal." I kind of yearn for the pre-web days... when the primary means of communication was mailing lists and newsgroups, without any commercial interest. The creation of the web was when it all started to go wrong. Corporations started to flock to it like flies and tried their best to turn it in to an ad-laden, spyware-laden, dumbed-down, one-way broadcasting medium not too far from television.
封闭平台崛起有反垃圾/滥用、发现聚合、变现三大现实原因，开放 Web 若不能同样解决就难以替代。
作者说如今大部分上网时间不在开放互联网，而在 Facebook、Twitter、LinkedIn 等私有服务上；但他完全没谈三个原因。第一是垃圾信息和滥用，纯开放 Web 对此无解，目前唯一办法是能运行复杂机器学习并雇大量审核员的集中化组织。第二是聚合与可发现性：没人看到，发布内容有什么用？把人们想读的和会喜欢的内容匹配起来很难，开放标准基本帮不上。第三是变现：YouTube 上很多好内容若没有变现就不会被创作。若开放标准能在这三点上做到和集中化方案一样好，那才值得谈。
crazygringo查看英文原文
> But most of the time we spend on the web today is no longer on the open Internet - it's on private services like Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. Ultimately there are three good reasons for this, which the author doesn't address at all. The first is spam and abuse. The problem with a purely "open web" is that there's no solution to those, because of bad actors. The only solution we've found so far are centralized organizations which can run sophisticated machine learning and hire thousands of moderators. The second is aggregation and discoverability. What good is it to publish if nobody finds you? Matching what people want to read, with the content they'll like (and not turning it into a firehose) is a really hard problem which, again, open standards basically do nothing for. And then of course the third is monetization. There's a lot of amazing content on, e.g. YouTube, that wouldn't have been created if it weren't for monetization, because it takes content creators time that they'd otherwise have to spend at a job. Now if we can create open standards that work as well as centralized solutions for all three of these... then we're talking.
认同 Web 自由被侵蚀，但认为靠改进单个网页不够，需要协调而有战略的反制。
作者把 Web 称为人类最伟大的发明之一，并说它正陷入危机：现代 Web 的设计师、开发者、产品经理等正在摧毁它。科技公司、投资者和 Web 从业者的利益并不总与终端用户一致，于是 Web 根基中的自由被逐渐侵蚀。我最喜欢的《星际迷航》时刻是派克舰长说的“我们始终在为未来而战”；但与作者不同，我不认为答案只是更好的网页——要赢回用户自由，必须更大胆、更有组织。
benjaminjosephw查看英文原文
The author talks about the web as "one of humanity's greatest inventions." which is now in crisis: > And now, we the architects of the modern web — web designers, UX designers, developers, creative directors, social media managers, data scientists, product managers, start-up people, strategists — are destroying it. The interests of tech companies, investors and web professionals have not always aligned with the best interests of end-users and so there has been a gradual erosion of the freedoms embedded in the foundations of the web itself. My favourite StarTrek moment is Captain Pike's statement "We are always in a fight for the future". Given the current state of the web, this feels truer than ever. Unlike the author, however, I don't think the answer is better web pages. Any chance of us winning the fight for user freedoms must be bigger and bolder than that. There has been an entire generation of entrepreneurs and investors who have thought and planned strategically how to shape the web to work in their best interests. A meaningful counter has to be equally intentional and coordinated to stand a chance at shaping the course technology takes. We are in a fight for the future and we need to think bigger to stand a chance of winning that fight.
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