互联网与文化marginalrevolution.com
纽约的"免出狱卡"
“Get Out of Jail Free” Cards in New York
2018 — 2022，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇文章讨论纽约等地警察工会/慈善协会发放的“免坐牢卡”（PBA 卡）：警察及其亲友、捐款人可在交通拦检时出示，期望得到通融。评论者结合新泽西亲身经历和加州类似做法，描述这种半公开的人情执法如何运作，以及它为何引发对警察公平感和制度化腐败的担忧。
为什么经久不衰：它揭示了看似琐碎的“卡片”背后半公开的人情执法与制度化腐败，今天读来仍有警示意义。
HN 评论精选
前新泽西居民描述 PBA 卡的潜规则：不能主动出示，只能让警察自己看到，且只对轻微违章可能有效。
这些东西一直都有。我在新泽西长大，一个朋友的父亲是警察，所以他有一张。这绝对是该被消除的腐败现象。我记得几个动态：很多警察认为 PBA 卡是腐败且侮辱人的，所以经验法则是你从不主动拿出来，只是在掏驾照时让卡露出来；如果警察吃这一套，他们会问你从哪弄到卡的。主动递卡是大忌，不仅因为有些警察不接受，还因为即使会放你走的警察，也可能觉得你没有尊重由他们来决定是否问起卡的权威。理想的效果是警察自己看到卡，并决定是否因为知道你和警察有某种关系而放你一马。另一个大变量是他们收走卡还是让你留着：如果是警察子女，卡大概不会被收走；否则如果你本来会吃罚单，卡就会被收走；如果你只是被无故拦下，他们大概不会收走卡，好让你能再次“使用”。如果你做的事不止超速、开车打电话之类，这些卡不会让你脱身；闯红灯或停牌是边缘情况；如果你犯了重罪或酒驾等，亮 PBA 卡大概会让你的处境更糟。
gfodor查看英文原文
These have been around forever, I grew up in NJ and a friend's father was a cop so he had one. Definitely a corrupt thing that should be eliminated. A few dynamics I remember: - many cops saw PBA cards as corrupt and insulting. So the rule of thumb was you never offered these, you just let the card be visible when reaching for your license. If the cop was in on it they'd then ask you about where you got the card. It was a huge no-no to offer it not just because some cops didn't take it but because even those who would could probably be offended by you not deferring to their authority to decide to ask about it (ie offer to give you a pass) or for being entitled. The net dynamic you wanted was the cop to of his own volition see the card and decide if he wanted to cut you a break since he knew you were connected to the police somehow. (Ie, total corrupt dynamic) - a big variable was if they took the card or let you keep it. If you were a son or daughter of a cop you probably never got it taken. Otherwise you'd get it taken if you would have otherwise gotten a ticket. If you were just being pulled over for no good reason they'd probably not take the card from you so you could "use" it again. - these were not gonna get you out of trouble if you did something more than speeding, talking on a cell, etc. If you ran a light or stop sign it was borderline. If you committed a felony or were drunk etc then flashing your PBA card probably would have made your life worse.
警察公开抱怨卡片不够送人，暴露其对公平的认知严重扭曲。
这当然很糟糕，不言而喻。但真正让我感兴趣的是，警察在抱怨没有足够的这种卡可当作圣诞礼物送人。公开地、在大白天抱怨！这某种程度上比卡本身更让我担心，因为这意味着普通警察对公平的认知已经完全脱离现实。这些卡作为警察获益的手段在暗处存在，已经够腐败了；但他们甚至不觉得人们为何会对此反感，这是另一回事。
untog查看英文原文
This is terrible, of course. Goes without saying. But what really interests me that police officers are complaining about not having enough of these cards to give out as Christmas presents. Complaining in public, in the clear light of day! That actually worries me more than the cards themselves in some respects, because it means that the average officer's perception of what is fair is utterly, entirely out of whack with reality. It's one, corrupt, thing for these cards to exist under the radar as a means for officers to benefit, but it's another to not even see why people would be offended by it.
加州也有类似机制：向 CHP 慈善基金会大额捐款可获得车牌框，巡逻警员能识别。
相关：https://priceonomics.com/can-you-buy-a-license-to-speed/ 答案是州公路巡警——大多数人只在因超速被开罚单时才打交道的男女警员。许多车牌框写着“CHP 11-99 Foundation”，这是一个慈善组织的全名，为加州公路巡警及其家庭在危机时提供支持。除了刻字马克杯、夹克和皮钱包，基金会还向成为“终身会员”的捐赠者发放车牌框作为感谢。捐赠 2,500 美元的“经典”级别可获得一个车牌框，捐赠 5,000、10,000 或 25,000 美元的铜、银、金级别可获得两个。
pradn查看英文原文
Related: https://priceonomics.com/can-you-buy-a-license-to-speed/ "The answer is the state highway patrol -- the men and women that most people interact with only when getting ticketed for speeding. A number of the frames read “CHP 11-99 Foundation,” which is the full name of a charitable organization that supports California Highway Patrol officers and their families in times of crisis. Along with engraved mugs, jackets, and leather wallets, the foundation gives out the license plate frames as tokens of thanks to donors who become “Lifetime Members.” Donors receive one license plate as part of a $2,500 “Classic” level donation, or two as part of a bronze, silver, or gold level donation of $5,000, $10,000, or $25,000."
局外人认为美国将腐败制度化并公开化，只是不称之为腐败。
作为局外人，美国在社会许多层面把腐败制度化了，这有点令人难以置信。我住在一个以腐败闻名的第三世界国家，但想到的许多腐败例子在美国也同样存在，唯一区别是在美国它不被视为腐败，而且公开进行。
SkeuomorphicBee查看英文原文
As an outsider, it is a bit incredible how the USA institutionalised corruption in many tiers of their society. I live in a notoriously corrupt third world country, but many examples of corruption that come to mind are similar present in the USA, the only difference being that in the USA it is not considered corruption, done in the open.
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