互联网与文化blog.samuelmaddock.com
我尝试做个网页浏览器，结果被 Google 拦住了
I tried creating a web browser, and Google blocked me
2019 — 2021，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
作者 Samuel Maddock 尝试用 Electron 开发自己的浏览器，却发现因缺少 Widevine DRM 认证而无法播放 Netflix 等受保护内容，Google 拒绝向独立浏览器开放 Widevine 授权。文章揭示了 HTML DRM（EME）如何让独立浏览器在事实上被大公司垄断的解密模块卡住脖子。
为什么经久不衰：它以亲身经历证明了 HTML DRM 对开放 Web 和独立浏览器的排挤，多年后仍是讨论 Web 开放性与 DRM 危害的经典案例。
HN 评论精选
HTML DRM 从设计之初就注定会封杀独立浏览器，作者遭遇的正是预期结果
我早说过会这样。HTML DRM 与开放 Web 背道而驰：所谓"免插件"只是把 Flash、Silverlight 换成了一堆封闭黑盒，而这些解密模块实际全由大媒体公司控制。即使你的浏览器支持 EME，没有大媒体认可的解密模块也毫无用处。要求获得大媒体许可才能开发完整浏览器，正是 HTML DRM 设计之初就注定的结果。
Daiz查看英文原文
Boy howdy, this is one subject where I loathe saying "I told you so", but... I sure told you so.[1] HTML DRM is antithetical to the Open Web itself. It was built on a sham of "plugin-free" media playback, but all we did was change Flash and Silverlight for a whole range of closed black boxes, which in turn are effectively all controlled by Big Media (to make it crystal clear: EME was built with third-party decryption modules in mind, and Big Media was obviously never going to support any sort of decryption modules that they couldn't control, so even if your custom browser supports EME it's completely useless without a Big Media-approved decryption module). And make no mistake: Requiring permission from Big Media to essentially build a fully-fledged browser is a 100% intended and expected outcome of HTML DRM as conceived. Big Media would love nothing more than to turn the entirety of the Open Web into Closed Web that they control, and with HTML DRM they've certainly achieved a great step toward doing so, to the detriment of public at wide. I'm sure they're positively salivating about the thought of eventually reaching The Right to Read![2] [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7747142 [2] https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
反规避法律让独立浏览器播放 DRM 内容在法律层面就被禁止
DRM 乱象还得算上美国国会和欧盟：为"规避"版权而逆向工程软件是违法的，而"规避"的定义被划得过宽。你不仅不能传播受版权保护的内容，甚至不能以版权方未明确允许的方式消费自己有权观看的内容——比如做一个能看 Netflix DRM 内容的浏览器是违法的，即使用它的人是付费订阅用户。这大约是 1996 年 DMCA 反规避条款之后才有的新现象。
kwindla查看英文原文
Let's add the US Congress and the EU to the long list of parties to blame for the DRM situation. "Reverse engineering" software for the purposes of "circumventing" copyright is illegal. "Circumventing" is much more broadly defined than it should be. It's not just illegal to redistribute copyrighted material. That's the point of copyright and has been the case for a long time. It's also illegal to watch/consume content yourself in any way that the copyright-holder didn't explicitly enable, even if you have a general right to watch/consume that content. You're not allowed to create a browser that can watch DRM-protected Netflix content. And if someone does create such a browser, it's illegal for you to use it, even if you pay for a Netflix subscription. That's pretty new (circa 1996 or so). In 2002 I went to see Lawrence Lessig argue the Supreme Court challenge of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which introduced these anti-circumvention concepts. Here are my notes: https://allafrica.com/staff/kwindla/eldred.txt
作者跟进：DRM 版 Electron 仅由单一闭源厂商提供，独立浏览器处境依旧艰难
（作者补充）发帖后现在有了支持 DRM 的 Electron 版本，但只能通过单一厂商 castLabs 获取，是闭源的下游分支，无法自行修改 Electron 本体。被问及是否会合并回上游时对方没有明确答复。我还写了后续文章详述 Web 上 DRM 现状——不乐观，但我仍在继续做浏览器开发。
smaddock查看英文原文
Blog post author here. Since this post, there's now an option available for DRM-enabled Electron. However, it's only available through a single vendor, castLabs [0]. This is a closed source, downstream effort which means no modifications can be made to Electron itself. All changes must make it upstream to show up in this fork. When asked whether they would eventually merge it upstream, they didn't provide a clear answer [1]. I also wrote a followup blog post with more detail on the current state of DRM options on the web [2]. Spoilers: it's not great. Regardless of all of these problems, I still hold an interest in browser development and have been working towards making Electron a viable option for building a browser [3]. [0] https://github.com/castlabs/electron-releases [1] https://github.com/castlabs/electron-releases/discussions/24 [2] https://blog.samuelmaddock.com/posts/the-end-of-indie-web-browsers/ [3] https://github.com/samuelmaddock/electron-browser-shell
DRM 不仅没带来好处，反而处处损害付费用户的实际体验
DRM 就是一堆垃圾。就算它真能起作用也罢了，但实际吃亏的只有消费者：Amazon Prime 上付费买的 HD 电影可能因版权方限制看不了高清且事先无从得知；Netflix 在浏览器里连 1080p 都不给；Spotify 网页播放器隔三差五坏掉；Steam 网络故障时连离线模式都进不去。
arendtio查看英文原文
DRM is just a huge pile of shit. I mean, if it would actually work I would say okay, at least we have a solution that everyone is somehow happy with. But instead we consumers just loose. To give a few examples: - When I want to watch movies on Amazon Prime Video, there are some movies I can't watch in HD, even if I paid for HD (so the movie obviously exists in HD; probably dependent on the rights holder). The problem is that I can't see if I can watch the HD version before I buy the movie. - On Netflix, I don't get 1080 at all with my browser, even if I pay for 4k. - Every few weeks, Spotify pushes a broken version of their web player to the website and from one moment to the other, I can't listen to 'my' music anymore until they fix it. The good news is that it seems to happen less frequently lately. Nevertheless, that would not be a problem if I could listen to 'my' music with a normal mp3 player. - A few hours ago, I wanted to play a game, but guess what... Steam had a network problem [1] and didn't even let me enter the offline mode. [1] https://store.steampowered.com/stats/
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