职业与工作方法runwes.com
我如何在 12 个月内学会法语
I Learned French in 12 Months
2020 — 2022，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇文章记录作者用约12个月自学法语、从零基础达到B2的经历，并介绍了他使用的资源和方法。评论补充讨论了B2的实际含义、语言学习所需投入，以及功能性交流与母语者流利度之间的差距。
为什么经久不衰：它给出可复制的时间线和资源清单，同时提醒流利没有捷径，适合想系统自学语言的人参考。
HN 评论精选
语言学习没有捷径，关键在大量真实输出和针对性练习。
我不相信有“黑”语言的捷径。我是外交官，目前正在学第四门语言并达到C1+。对我们来说学语言是全职工作：普通话到B1用了9个月，西班牙语到C1+用6个月，爱沙尼亚语5个月现在是B1。多年全日制学习后，我认为关键几点是：输出无可替代，必须和母语者交谈而不是靠app，并谈你预期场景相关的话题；最初几个月用目标语讨论时事，先照稿后自由发挥；做3到5分钟的小演讲，从陈述事实过渡到连贯论证是中级到高级的关键；还要采访母语者来检验理解。
BTBurke查看英文原文
I don't believe there is a shortcut for "hacking" languages. I'm a diplomat, and currently learning my fourth language to the C1+ level. When we learn languages, it's a full time job. It was 9 months to learn Mandarin to a B1, 6 months to a C1+ in Spanish, and I'm currently at a B1 in Estonian after 5 months. There are several things I think are crucial after years of full time study (note: this assumes you're going for professional fluency, not just touring around the country where interactions are largely scripted and predictable): * There is no substitute for production - you must speak the language with a native speaker (not an app) and talk about topics that are relevant to the kind of scenarios you anticipate. We spend the first several months discussing current events in target language - at first scripted, then later free form. This builds vocabulary and helps fluency. This is quickly expanded to discussing current events in depth and participating in mock debates. * Give mini presentations - target 3-5 minutes of talking about a relevant topic with little prep time. The difference between intermediate and advanced is the ability to move from discussing only facts to making a coherent argument. Native speakers will often not be able to follow your train of thought without learning to connect cause and effect using structures appropriate for your language. * Interview native speakers - prepare 2-3 questions about a particular topic and check your comprehension by translating their answers to English. This obviously helps build your comprehension, but also helps to learn to "automate" comprehension while you are thinking about something else. If you can take notes in English while a native speaker is talking at normal speed (and achieving 90%+ accuracy), it will make it easier for you to participate in normal speed conversations. * Read target language news - this is critical for expanding vocabulary and learning colocations - knowing what verbs are used in particular contexts (e.g., do they say "I talked with X" or "I talked to X". Do they say country X shot, launched, or threw a rocket?) Bottom line - language learning is not just about the number of hours you put in. The quality and type of practice you do matters a lot. You aren't going to be fluent via Duolingo alone. You need to put in the time using structured practice with native speakers to really learn anything.
功能性交流与母语者式的自动反应差距很大，需要现实预期。
我研究语言学习约五年，试过很多策略，也去古巴、墨西哥、西班牙和波多黎各体验沉浸。达到扎实的语言能力其实不难，只需要投入和持续练习。但母语者的水平完全不同：我在巴塞罗那问路、和酒店员工及酒吧里的人聊天都没问题，可走进嘈杂拥挤、语速飞快的餐厅就完全是另一回事。我认为要能“自动”应对任何场景，需要生活在目标语全天包围的环境里，即便如此也仍需努力。我一位住在马德里三年的美国朋友仍不觉得100%自信，因为他社交时间大多和英语母语者在一起。这不是劝退，学西班牙语是我做过最好的决定之一，但要有现实预期：功能性交流和母语者流利度差距很大。
tmountain查看英文原文
I've been hacking language learning for about five years, and I've spent ridiculous amounts of time trying and reading about different strategies. I've been to Cuba, Mexico, Spain, and Puerto Rico to try immersion in different settings. Getting to a solid level of competency in a language actually is not that hard. It just requires dedication and consistent practice. That said, native speakers operate on a different level entirely. In my recent visit to Barcelona, I had no problems asking for directions, talking to the hotel staff and people in bars, chatting it up with friends in Spanish, etc. However, walking into a noisy / crowded restaurant where the language is going 100 miles an hour is a totally different scenario. As much as I want to believe otherwise, I'm of the opinion that getting to a level of "automatic" response where you can fluidly handle any situation requires living in a country where the language is in your face all day every day--and even then it still takes real effort. A friend of mine, who's a US ex-pat living in Madrid is of the same opinion. After three years living there, he still doesn't feel 100% confident; although, he admits that he has spent most of his social time around English speakers. None of this is intended to discourage anyone at all. In fact, learning Spanish ranks as one of the best decisions I've ever made; however, I think it's important for folks to go in with realistic expectations, as there's big difference between functional competency--with a language and fluency with fluency being a "white whale".
明确B2的含义，并给出约560到650小时的学习量参考。
文章说作者从零基础（A0）达到B2。根据CEFR，B2意味着能理解具体和抽象复杂文本的主旨，包括专业领域的技术讨论；能以一定流利度和自发性互动，让和母语者的常规交流对双方都不费力；能就广泛主题写出清晰详细的文本，并解释某一议题的利弊。CEFR估计，按学术方式学习法语到B2约需560到650小时。
ourmandave查看英文原文
They went from a non-speaker (A0) to a B2. According to CEFR link in article, a B2 level: Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in their field of specialization. Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options. CEFR Estimated time required to academically learn B2 level French: 560-650 hours https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_European_Framework_of_Reference_for_Languages#Common_reference_levels
作者更新：停学后会生疏，方法可复用到西语，但远亲语言需调整路径。
我是作者，没想到两年后这篇文章又上首页。简单更新：此后我没怎么用或学法语，已经相当生疏，但最近几个月仍有几次全法语对话，能维持交流。我打算很快重新拾起法语，因为去法语国家旅行更可行了。第二年我用类似方法学西班牙语，结果类似，一年后大概达到B1.5或弱B2；因COVID没能参加水平考试，也失去了一些继续冲刺高水平的动力。我的建议基本没变，但这些资源（如Duolingo）我已停用。正如别人指出的，对于和英语关系较远的语言（如日语），需要走不同路径。不过语言学习资源在不断变好，即使没有完全的线下沉浸，也能学到很多。
wes1350查看英文原文
Author here, didn’t expect to see this here again after two years! I guess I’ll give a quick update on how things have been since this article was written. I haven’t used or studied French much since then, and have gotten quite rusty, though I’ve had a few conversations fully in French in the last few months and can still maintain a conversation. I have been thinking of picking up French again soon, as traveling to a French speaking country becomes more of an option. I also did roughly the same thing with my Spanish in the following year, with similar results, though I’d say I probably reached a solid B1.5 or weak B2 after a year (due to COVID I was unable to take the proficiency test and lost some motivation to continue studying to a high level as a result.) My recommendations are still largely the same, though I haven’t used these resources (e.g. Duolingo) since I stopped studying a while back. And as others have noted, for other languages, particularly those that are less closely related to English (e.g. Japanese), you’ll have to follow a different path to achieve the same proficiency. However, language learning resources are getting better constantly, so you can certainly still learn quite a lot without total, in-person immersion, as I did!
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