职业与工作方法salon.com
把每周 40 小时工作制还回来
Bring Back the 40-hour work week (March 2012)
2012 — 2019，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇 2012 年 Salon 的文章呼吁恢复每周 40 小时工作制，指出超时工作并不会带来更高产出，反而挤占就业机会、损害健康与生活质量。文章在 2012 和 2019 年两度登上 Hacker News 首页，引发关于加班文化、工作时长与生产力的长期讨论。
为什么经久不衰：加班文化与工作时长之争从未过时，这篇文章在七年后仍被重新顶上首页，说明它触及了科技行业持续存在的核心矛盾。
HN 评论精选
40 小时制在创业圈消失是行业变迁的代价，强制推广需要立法且会限制自由
在创业圈，40 小时工作制早已一去不返，这只是从大企业长期雇佣关系（终身养老金、终身医保）转向创新驱动的新世界的一种代价。从法律角度看，美国加班法早已把 40 小时周制度化为非豁免（低技能）员工的规范，它从未消失。如果要对高技能员工也强制实行严格的周工时上限，那需要立法，而法律意味着限制自由。
grellas查看英文原文
The 40-hour week is forever gone in the startup world, and that is simply one of the trade-offs in having moved from a world where big enterprises emphasized long-term relationships with defined pension benefits and health coverage for life to a new world in which such enterprises have faltered and sunk only to be displaced by the startups that disrupted them through technical and other innovations. One can howl at the moon over these developments but is it really desirable to revert to an older day where a faithful employee's reward for long-term service was getting a gold watch on retirement or a $10K bonus for having invented the thing that made the employer hundreds of millions? On a technical legal note, U.S. overtime laws have long since institutionalized the 40-hour week for non-exempt (generally lower skilled) employees and that remains the overwhelming norm in the economy. In that sense, there is no need to "bring back" the 40-hour week. It never went away. If, as the author seems to espouse, the goal is to impose a strict weekly limit on the higher-skilled employees as well (in the case of Silicon Valley, tech professionals), it takes laws to do that and laws restrict freedom. Granted that efficiency studies might cause some employers to adopt strict hourly limits as a matter of company policy, or that individual lifestyle choices might cause a given employee to run in horror from the idea of slave-like work hours, do tech professionals really want to be prohibited from making such choices for themselves? It is one thing to say that laws are needed to protect those who cannot protect themselves. It is quite another to impose the force of law on what really is a lifestyle choice to be made by those who are equipped and smart enough to make it for themselves. Trying to "bring back" the 40-hour week from this perspective is, in my view, a very bad idea that would seriously harm the tech-driven companies that populate the startup world.
愿意用减薪换取更短工时，但担心雇主不接受
我是一名二十出头的前端工程师，现在每周 40+ 小时还能承受，薪水也不错，但我并不需要这么多钱。我愿意减薪 50% 换取每周约 20 小时的工作。问题是向雇主提出这种要求感觉风险很大——有人成功找到好的兼职工作或缩减过自己的职位吗？
drewblaisdell查看英文原文
Perhaps this is a good thread to pose this question. I am a front-end engineer in my early twenties. Right now, 40+ hours a week is doable and I am paid well, but I don't need all of the money I'm earning. I would gladly take a 50% salary cut and work ~20 hours a week. The only problem with this is that I feel like this is a risky thing to bring up with an employer. Has anyone ever had any success getting a good part-time job or downsizing your position at a company? Every listing for part-time I see seems to be for someone with a lesser skillset.
生产力大涨而工资停滞，20 小时工作周才合理
40 小时？不。自 1980 年计算机和自动化技术引入以来，普通工人的生产力飙升，而工资却原地踏步。同等薪水下的 20 小时工作周才更合理（尽管这仍远未达到按创造价值付酬的标准）。
otakucode查看英文原文
40 hours? No. Average worker productivity has skyrocketed since 1980 with the introduction of computers and automation technology. Salaries have remained flat. A 20 hour work week with the same salary would be far more reasonable (though still very far off the mark of paying employees according to the value that they produce).
死亡行军式加班损害健康与质量，不可长期持续
我经历过'死亡行军'式的项目，它们把人烧干，质量也糟糕透顶。到了某个程度，你不再关心工作，只想回家做点无脑放松的事。这对健康、人际关系和精神生活都有害。看到有人庆祝通宵黑客马拉松、每周工作 60+ 小时，我很担心——当然有时是必要的，但对绝大多数人来说，这不是能持续三四十年的节奏。
pnathan查看英文原文
I've been on death march projects before; these projects simply burnt people out and quality was atrocious. There's a point where you don't care much about the job, all you want to do is go home and perform $favorite_mindless_relaxation. It's deleterious to your health, your relationships, and your mental life. I get concerned when I see people celebrate things like weekly hackathons running into the early morning hours, working 60+ hour weeks, etc. Of course it can be needful, but it's also not a sustainable work pace doable for 30-40 years without massive personal issues for the vast majority of people.
欧洲有法定工时和假期保障，不解美国为何缺乏基本劳动保护
我一直读这类文章，想不通美国人为何如此反对基本的劳动法。在欧洲，工作时间指令规定雇主不得强迫员工每周工作超过 48 小时，所有员工依法享有至少 5.6 周带薪假。你们似乎都认同自己工作太长、假期太少，我从没听谁说满意两周假期和无薪加班。我是真心想知道，为什么最基本的集体谈判在美国政治文化中缺席。
jdietrich查看英文原文
I keep reading these sort of articles and wondering why the American people seem so opposed to basic employment law. Here in Socialist Yurop, the Working Time Directive means that no employer can compel an employee to work for longer than 48 hours per week. All workers are entitled to a legal minimum of 5.6 weeks of paid holiday. You all seem to agree that you work too long and don't get enough holiday. I've never once heard anyone say that they're happy with two weeks vacation and unpaid overtime. I'm not asking rhetorically, I genuinely want to know why the most basic sort of collective bargaining is absent from the political culture of the US.
超时工作挤占就业岗位，恢复 40 小时制可减少失业
超时工作还伤害整个国家：每四个每周工作 50 小时的美国人，就对应一个本应有全职工作却没有的人。如果我们按法律本该的方式工作，猖獗的失业问题会一夜消失。文章其余部分指出每周 50 小时的员工并不比 40 小时的更有生产力，报酬也不更多——那多余的工作岗位从哪来？
Zakharov查看英文原文
And it hurts the country, too. For every four Americans working a 50-hour week, every week, there’s one American who should have a full-time job, but doesn’t. Our rampant unemployment problem would vanish overnight if we simply worked the way we’re supposed to by law. The rest of the article says that 50-hour-a-week employees are no more productive than 40-hour-a-week employees, and don't get paid any more. Where do the extra jobs come from?
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