职业与工作方法spectrum.ieee.org
STEM 人才危机是个神话
The STEM Crisis is a Myth
2013 — 2019，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇 IEEE Spectrum 的文章指出，所谓“STEM 危机”（理工科人才严重短缺）其实是个迷思：判断短缺最直接的指标应是 STEM 从业者工资普遍上涨，但现实中并未出现。文章认为这种说法更多是利益相关方（企业、教育机构等）推动的叙事，用于争取签证政策和教育经费。
为什么经久不衰：它用工资数据这一硬指标戳破了“人才短缺”的流行叙事，而这一争论在 H-1B 签证、科技行业招聘等话题上至今仍在反复上演。
HN 评论精选
平均工资掩盖了真实涨薪，分群体看数据可知开发者并不过剩
“技术从业者工资没涨”常用平均值来证明，但这个平均值被快速涌入的年轻新人拉低了——新人工资低于在职者均值，掩盖了实际涨薪。看具体群体数据就能验证：斯坦福 CS 本科生起薪四年间涨了 25% 以上，实习生工资甚至超过他当年毕业时对职业中期的预期。
patio11查看英文原文
"Wages for technologists have not increased" is often evidenced by claims about averages. By the same token, one could argue persuasively that devs do not age, because a year goes by and they get a few months younger. The explanation is that the number of devs (and many related trades) is increasing rapidly, largely driven by hires of young neophytes rather than retraining of e.g. 50 year old lawyers. The neophytes are younger and have lower wages than the mean dev. This brings the average down faster than raises and aging bring the average up. You can verify this if you look at data for particular career cohorts, either people or experience levels. In the 4 years I've been on HN the quotes I hear for "generic CS undergrad from Stanford" are up more than 25% (80k to 110k or so, starting salary offer). Companies that I work with complain bitterly that their competitors are bidding irresponsibly. The going wages for interns are substantially in excess of what I expected to earn in mid career when I graduate not even 10 years ago. Also, anecdotally, of the couple hundred people whose professional statuses I'm routinely exposed to I don't think I've ever heard "Boo, got to take a pay cut" except for making the BigCo to startup or self-employment transition.
STEM 内部薪酬差异巨大，笼统谈短缺没有意义
不同 STEM 学科之间薪酬差距巨大，这清楚地显示了需求所在：生物学家在争夺日益缩减的政府经费，而石油工程学生起薪就有 9 万美元。把 STEM 当作同质整体，会伤害冷门领域，也无法解决部分领域的真正短缺。
linkregister查看英文原文
"That report argued that the best indicator of a shortfall would be a widespread rise in salaries throughout the STEM community. But the price of labor has not risen, as you would expect it to do if STEM workers were scarce." The huge disparity of pay between different STEM disciplines should clearly show where the demand is. Biologists compete over shrinking government grants, while petroleum engineering students receive job offers of $90K starting. Treating STEM as a homogenous bloc will hurt the less in-demand fields while failing to treat the shortfall in others.
所谓短缺是雇主不切实际的“摇滚明星”要求造成的
作为移民我也同意：短缺很大程度是自找的。确实缺少能立即上手的人，但雇主从不肯降低“会 15 分钟内手写合并 k 个有序数组、有应用编程博士学位的摇滚明星程序员”这类要求。现实是大多数公司平庸至极，不是人才短缺，是你的公司烂、面试烂、没人想去。
NTDF9查看英文原文
Even as an immigrant to the US, I agree with this. A large part of the shortage is self-inflicted. Did we see a shortage of American workers who could do the job right away? YES. Not many people work in the same area of technology. There really aren't many people working in some areas of tech. Did the employer try to compromise on their requirement of "rockstar coder with 1000 wpm typing speed, PhD in app programming, merge k-sorted arrays in 15 mins with good syntax and no compiler?" NO. And this is why there is no shortage. It's their demand for rockstars when reality is most companies are mediocre (at best). It's not shortage, your company sucks, interviews suck and nobody wants to work there.
缺的不是人才，是廉价人才
并不缺 STEM 毕业生，但从雇主角度看，缺的是“廉价的”STEM 毕业生。这也是近期科技公司因技术签证政策变动而大闹的原因。
RachelF查看英文原文
There is not a shortage of STEM graduates. However, from an employer's point of view, there is a shortage of cheap STEM graduates. Hence the recent tech company uproar over the skilled visa changes.
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