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如何快速学好国际象棋
How to Get Good at Chess, Fast
2013 — 2015，它一次次回到首页
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导读
这是一篇介绍如何快速提高国际象棋水平的指南，强调战术训练和独立复盘对局等方法，文中'400天涨400分'的训练法源自 Michael De La Maza 的《Rapid Chess Improvement》一书。评论区围绕电脑引擎分析的价值、各水平段战术差距等展开了多年后依然适用的讨论。
为什么经久不衰：棋艺提升的核心方法论——战术训练、刻意练习、认真复盘——多年不变，对任何想快速精进一项技能的人都有借鉴意义。
HN 评论精选
现代引擎已足够'像人'，2000分以下最缺的正是战术，用电脑辅助分析比纯靠自己复盘更有效。
我认为'先自己分析再用电脑'这个说法已经过时了。过去四年（正是作者退役的那段时间）引擎棋力提升了十倍，而且变得更'像人'——不再走出很强但人类看不懂的怪招，而是战术和战略上都稳健有原则的棋。2000分以下的棋手最缺的就是战术，而这恰恰是电脑最擅长的：它能指出你漏掉的战术，还能让你试验不同走法。我同意赛后和对手复盘，但如果你们都在2000分以下，复盘时照样会漏掉明显战术，帮助不大。最后：'400天涨400分'出自《Rapid Chess Improvement》，我不推荐初学者读它（骑士练习法除外），书里 De La Maza 还花了不少篇幅抨击 Silman 和战略流派……
rmrfrmrf查看英文原文
> "One big mistake is to rely heavily on computers for chess analysis. Computer analysis should be done only after you analyze the game on your own." This isn't correct information anymore, in my opinion. Chess engines have improved tenfold over the last four years (when the author says he stopped playing). The increase in the strength of chess engines has subsequently caused an increase in the "humanity" of chess engines, meaning that, instead of playing bizarre moves that are strong yet incomprehensible to humans, they play principled, sound moves that are strong tactically and strategically. The main thing that you will miss as a sub-2000 player (or ever, really) is tactics, which is exactly where computers excel. A computer will be able to tell you tactics you missed and will allow you to experiment to see how different moves would have improved your game. I agree that you should analyze games with your opponent after the game (and also with stronger players), but keep in mind that, if you're both sub-2000, you'll both miss obvious tactics even as you review the game, which doesn't really improve your chess thought. One last thing: the 400 points in 400 days training comes from the book Rapid Chess Improvement, which I do not recommend for the beginning player (the knight exercise is good, though). In it, Michael De La Maza wastes time blasting Jeremy Silman and the strategic approach to chess games. Some people like the book for the mild drama it started, but the tl;dr is "tactics, tactics, tactics," which pretty much everyone will tell you.
从1200到2100分，各水平段的核心差距都是战术；做题积累棋型如同给大脑建缓存。
我卡在2100分左右。和1800分及以下棋手下棋，最大的差距仍然是战术：1200分的棋手会直接让你把他的王和后捉双，1800分的则会走进一个三步后才被捉双的变例。我自己也犯同样的错——让出局面便宜或干脆送子，因为我在自以为安全的变例里漏看了圈套。无论什么水平，通过做题和复盘高质量对局来积累战术与局面型'套路库'都必不可少，就像在脑子里建一个巨大的缓存，让你在棋盘上迅速找到正解。
cven714查看英文原文
Stuck in the mid 2100s. The main difference I see when I play 1800s, and most levels beneath that, is still tactics. A 1200 lets you fork their king and queen. An 1800 goes into a variation that lets you fork their king and queen 3 moves in. I make the same kinds of mistakes, allow positional concessions or just straight-up blunder because I overlook tricks in the lines I thought were safe. Building up that mental repertoire of tactical and positional patterns by solving puzzles and reviewing well played games is essential, no matter what level. It's like building a huge in-memory cache of correct answers so you quickly solve problems at the board.
新手阶段胜负取决于谁先犯错；与其求胜，不如先做到少犯低级错误。
我下了多年休闲棋，最大的体会是：只要双方水平相当，其实没人真正'赢'棋——天平是在某一方犯错时才倾斜的。所以想不输，你真正要做的只有两件事：自己别犯低级错误，以及识别对手什么时候犯了。高水平棋手很少犯这种错，情况可能不同；但如果你刚入门，与其想着怎么赢，不如先记住别搞砸。
onion2k查看英文原文
I've played chess casually for years, and my main observation is that no one actually wins if both players are reasonably well matched. The balance tips when a player makes a mistake that leads to them losing. Consequently, the only thing you really need to do to not lose is to make sure you don't make daft blunders, and to recognise when your opponent has. I'm pretty sure it's different at higher levels where people don't make those errors nearly so much, but if you're just starting out, rather than trying to win just remember to not screw up.
引用《Talent is Overrated》：在略高于自身水平的区间刻意练习并明确目标，是精通任何领域的通用法则。
如何精通任何事物（摘自《Talent is Overrated》）：1) 在略高于自己水平的区间练习——足够难、有拉伸感，但不至于让人泄气。找教练帮你找到这个区间，每天能练多久就练多久，耐受度会随时间提高。书中定义的练习是：专为提升表现而设计、通常有老师指导、可大量重复、反馈持续可得、对脑力要求极高的活动。2) 明确自己的目标和动机，它们能帮你熬过那些艰难的练习时间。这里讨论的'练什么、怎么练'我一句'找教练'就带过了——设计练习本身就是一门技能，教练应该懂。
b_emery查看英文原文
How to get good at anything (cribbed from the excellent Talent is overratted) 1) Practice just above your level (enough to be difficult and stretch, but not demoralizingly hard). Get a coach to help you find this range. Do this as many hours per day as you can tolerate, and the number you can tolerate should go up over time. To quote the book, practice: "It is activity designed specifically to improve performance, often with a teacher's help; it can be repeated a lot; feedback on results is continuously available; it's highly demanding mentally, whether the activity is purely intellectual, such as chess or business-related activities, or heavily physical, such as sports;" 2) Be clear about your goals and motivations. These will help you get through the difficult hours in 1) The book is excellent and lays out the basics about getting good at anything. (Notice that I'm not saying anyone can be world chess champion. The book argues that it would be highly unlikely that any chess champion would get that way without applying these principles.) A lot of what is discussed here is the what and how to practice. These are very valuable questions that I gloss over by saying, find a coach. Presumably a coach would know this. Knowing what to practice, and designing practice is a skill in itself.
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