互联网与文化theguardian.com
伊朗的博客之父：Facebook、Instagram 和 Twitter 正在杀死网络
Iran's blogfather: Facebook, Instagram and Twitter are killing the web
2015 — 2021，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇文章借伊朗“博客之父”的经历与观察，批评 Facebook、Instagram、Twitter 等社交平台正把开放网络推向封闭：平台把注意力、链接和内容留在内部，削弱了超链接与独立博客构成的 web。评论则围绕超链接的赋能力量、从“思想”到“身份”的转变，以及用户自身选择是否才是真正原因展开争论。
为什么经久不衰：它早早诊断了平台化与封闭化对开放网络的侵蚀，在今天社交媒体和算法信息流主导的环境下仍切中要害。
HN 评论精选
超链接是网络的“凝视”和赋能力量，封闭平台只向内看，令外部网页失去生命。
但超链接不只是网络的骨架：它们是网络的眼睛，通往其灵魂的路径。一个没有超链接的盲网页，无法看见或凝视另一个网页——这对网络上的权力动态有严重后果。几乎所有理论家都从权力角度思考凝视，且多持负面：凝视者剥去被凝视者的主体性，把她变成无智能、无能动性的无力客体。但在网页世界里，凝视的作用不同：它更具赋能力。当一个强大的网站——比如 Google 或 Facebook——凝视或链接到另一个网页时，它不只是连接它，而是把它带入存在、赋予它生命。没有这种赋能的凝视，你的网页就无法呼吸。无论你在网页里放了多少链接，除非有人在看它，它实际上既死又盲，因此无法把权力传递给外部网页。像 Instagram 这样的应用是盲的，或几乎是盲的。它们的凝视向内，不愿把自身巨大权力转给他人，导致他人悄然死亡。后果是社交媒体之外的网页正在死去。我认为这是全文最好的部分。
aaron-lebo查看英文原文
But hyperlinks aren’t just the skeleton of the web: they are its eyes, a path to its soul. And a blind webpage, one without hyperlinks, can’t look or gaze at another webpage – and this has serious consequences for the dynamics of power on the web. More or less all theorists have thought of gaze in relation to power, and mostly in a negative sense: the gazer strips the gazed and turns her into a powerless object, devoid of intelligence or agency. But in the world of webpages, gaze functions differently: it is more empowering. When a powerful website – say Google or Facebook – gazes at, or links to, another webpage, it doesn’t just connect it , it brings it into existence; gives it life. Without this empowering gaze, your web page doesn’t breathe. No matter how many links you have placed in a webpage, unless somebody is looking at it, it is actually both dead and blind, and therefore incapable of transferring power to any outside web page. Apps like Instagram are blind, or almost blind. Their gaze goes inwards, reluctant to transfer any of their vast powers to others, leading them into quiet deaths. The consequence is that web pages outside social media are dying. Best part of the piece, imo.
网络从思想连接转向人格与身份驱动，新奇和流行压过思想，作者本人经历也是强人格叙事。
真正的转变似乎是从网络的节点是思想/文本，变成节点是人/人格。组织引导我们的不再是说了什么、思想之间的关系，而是谁说的、他们与我的关系、以及点赞它说明了我什么。从思想到身份，从信息到信使。作者谈到‘我们时代两个最主导也最被高估的价值：新奇和流行’，以及从书本心态到电视心态的转变，这点说得很准。新奇/电视层面是看 FOMO 的另一种方式……这些东西利用的是我们对群体地位和被排斥的深层恐惧。我不认为这意味着思想的死亡，但思想现在次要了，只有当它绑定在一个涉及强人格的故事/英雄旅程上时才传播。讽刺的是，作者本人就有很好的故事：因思想入狱而后获释。
SmallBets查看英文原文
It seems the real shift is from the web's nodes being ideas/text, to being people/personas. Guided and organized not by what is said and the relationship of ideas, but by who said it, their relationship to me, and what liking it says about me. From ideas to identities. From the message to the messenger. The author nailed it when talking about "two of the most dominant, and most overrated, values of our times: newness and popularity" and the shift from a book to tv mentality. The newness/TV aspect is another way to look at FOMO...these things are exploiting deep fears about group status and exclusion. I don't think this means the death of ideas, but they are secondary now and spread when tied to a story/hero's journey involving a strong persona. Ironically, the author has a great one in being imprisoned for his ideas then freed.
不是平台单方面杀死开放网络，而是用户日常选择不断助长封闭平台。
我同情这个观点——我自己写一个博客，也给另一个博客投稿！——但与此同时，真正杀死网络的并不是 FB、Instagram 和 Twitter，而是我们，每天、每一次选择。每次我们打开 Facebook，我们就在选择启用专有网络而非开放网络。指认企业反派很有趣，我也做过。但更真实却更不令人满足的说法是：是我们自己赋能了这个已经形成的网络世界。
jseliger查看英文原文
I'm sympathetic to this point of view—I write one blog and contribute to another!—but at the same time, it's not really FB, Instagram, and Twitter that're killing the web—it's us, every day, with every choice we make. Every time we fire up Facebook we choose to enable the proprietary web instead of the open web. It's fun pointing at corporate villains. I've done it. But it's more true and less satisfying to say that we enable the online world that has come to be.
反驳作者：开放博客的黄金时代源于早期用户少且同质，网络只是被多数人的真实偏好塑造成现在的样子。
他的博客黄金时代实际上只是一个用户总数远少得多的时期，而那时的用户更可能是会主动寻找这类内容、并与他描述的线上世界建立行动者关系的人。大多数人其实对那种讨论、对改变世界、对智识多样性和另类观点并不真感兴趣。网络不是被公司杀死的，它选出了最迎合多数人真正想从网络得到什么的那批公司。他把自身地位的丧失误认为网络毁灭的迹象，但更准确地说，是未能抓住不断变化的受众兴趣。
Bakary查看英文原文
His blogging golden age was in reality a time where there were simply far fewer users in general, and they were far more likely to be the type to seek out this sort of content and the activist relationship with the online world that he describes. Most people aren't really interested in that sort of discourse, or in changing the world, or in intellectual biodiversity and alternate views. The web wasn't killed by companies, it selected the companies that catered most to what most people actually want out of the web. He confuses his loss of status as a sign of the web's destruction but it is more a case of failing to capture the interest of changing demographics.
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