科学与数学math.ucdavis.edu
移动沙发问题
The moving sofa problem
2017 — 2021,它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页(≥ 50 分)的那次投稿,空心点是没冲上去的投稿,点越大分数越高。
导读
这是 UC Davis 的 Romik 关于移动沙发问题的专题页面。移动沙发问题问的是:一个平面形状最大能有多大,才能被推着绕过宽度固定的直角走廊拐角。页面汇集了问题历史、经典沙发构造、动画图示与相关数学结果。
为什么经久不衰:它把日常搬家具的直觉变成定义清晰、图示直观的几何优化问题,又牵涉刚性体运动与机器人学,所以反复引发跨领域讨论。
HN 评论精选
理想刚性系统在静力约束下可能卡死,足以解释小说中的沙发卡楼梯。
在静力分析中,确实可能出现不可逆的沙发/长椅事件(就像《Dirk Gently》里那样)。这通常被描述为销钉插孔的卡死/楔紧问题:当约束力能抵消任何推动物体的力时就会发生。这个模型里,销钉以错误角度插入就会卡住、永远拔不出来。我遇到这个问题是在试图解释《Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency》中沙发卡在楼梯里的谜团时;她(一位专攻动力学和物理的机器人学博士)指出,理想的刚性系统本身就可能这样卡死,不需要额外的奇异解释(除了理想刚性物理本身的奇异)。
jmount查看英文原文
In static analysis of forces you can in fact have an irreversible couch/sofa event (as in Dirk Gently's ). It is usually is described as jamming or wedging of the peg in hole problem (see here http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/16741-s07/www/oldlecture23.pdf ) and arises when the implied forces can oppose any force to move the object. In this model you can stick a peg in at the wrong angle and it will jam and never come out. I ran into this when I tried to explain the sofa stuck in the staircase mystery in Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency. She (a Ph.D. in robotics specializing in dynamics and physics) pointed out an idealized rigid system could jam in this way without any additional exotic explanation (beyond the exoticness of idealized rigid physics).
真实刚性床架过不了 180° 楼梯,最后锯成两半再组装。
我在现实中遇到过这个问题,不是沙发,而是床垫的平台。刚研究生毕业,我和妻子搬进一栋老式工匠风格的房子,楼梯在一个平台处转了 180 度,而且天花板相当低。床垫因为能弯,被我们挤了过去;但平台是刚性的,怎么弄都进不去。量了一下发现它也从楼上窗户进不去。最后我们把平台锯成两半(木头外面包着布),到楼上再拼起来。我在两半上拧了 L 型支架,用螺栓连接,这样以后搬家时还能轻松重复这个办法。
lisper查看英文原文
I faced this problem in real life, not with a sofa, but with a bed mattress platform. Just out of grad school, my wife and I were moving in to an old craftsman-style house with a staircase that made a 180-degree bend at a landing with a fairly low ceiling. We squeezed the mattress through because it was bendable, but the platform was rigid and no matter what we did it just would not fit. Some measurement revealed that it would not go through the upstairs windows either. We ended up sawing the platform in half (it was made of wood covered in fabric) and re-assembling it upstairs. I screwed L-brakcets to the two halves and connected them with bolts so that we could easily repeat the process when it came time to move out.
这个问题让人联想到让旋转杆穿过狭窄迷宫的《Kuru Kuru Kururin》。
这让我挺想起好玩的《Kuru Kuru Kururin》游戏:……
johansch查看英文原文
This reminds me quite a bit of the awesome Kuru Kuru Kururin game: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_Kuru_Kururin Gameplay: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYvUZXT_43k
实际搬运沙发时倒放可能更容易,并希望有越栏杆/下楼的动画。
很想看到沙发越过栏杆、再下楼这类搬运过程的动画;把沙发倒过来会更容易些。
m463查看英文原文
Wow, I would like to see some animations of doing this for sofas going up and over the railings and down stairs. It works better with the sofa upside down.
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