职业与工作方法atlasobscura.com
日本铁路工人为何要「指差确认」
Why Japan’s Rail Workers Point at Things
2017 — 2022,它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页(≥ 50 分)的那次投稿,空心点是没冲上去的投稿,点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇 Atlas Obscura 文章介绍日本铁路员工的「指差确认」(pointing-and-calling):用手指指向信号、仪表等目标,同时出声念出确认内容,再动手操作。文章讲述这套动作如何起源于日本铁路、如何被推广为减少人为失误的安全规程,以及它在效率与效果上的争议。
为什么经久不衰:它把「用身体动作和声音强迫自己集中注意力」这个反直觉的小机制讲透,而这一原理在攀岩、航海、医疗等任何高风险场景都成立,今天读依然能立刻用上。
HN 评论精选
攀岩用同样的指差与呼号仪式,因为再资深的人也会犯错,一次疏忽就可能致命。
在攀岩中,如果你不指着安全带的绳结喊出「我已系好」,我们也不互相出声喊「On belay… belay on」,那我们就不算在一起攀爬。这套仪式正是为攀岩发展出来的,因为无论老手新手都会犯错。她那一代最伟大的攀岩者 Lynn Hill 在自传开头就讲,她打绳结时分了神,没人想到去检查她——毕竟她是 Lynn Hill。她爬上一段对她来说很简单的 75 英尺热身路线,喊了收绳,往后一坐,直接坠到地面,能活下来非常幸运。
braythwayt查看英文原文
If you don’t point to the knot on your harness when calling out that you are tied in, and we don’t audibly call out “On belay... belay on” to each other, we aren’t climbing together. These exact same rituals have been developed for climbing because everyone, experienced, and inexperienced, can make mistakes. The greatest climber of her generation (of any gender!), Lynn Hill, opens her autobiography with the story of how she was distracted while tying in, and nobody thought to check her, because, well, she’s LYNN HILL. She climbed 75’ up an easy (for her) warmup climb, called for tension on the rope, sat back, and fell the entire distance to the ground. She was very lucky to survive.
出声宣布行动步骤对执行功能障碍者尤其有效,是这套方法的意外受益群体。
稍微跑题,但这种出声自言自语的做法对执行功能障碍的人也有好处。执行功能受损的人通常没有那种「内心独白」或脑中的声音,于是洗澡、开车、吃饭这些看似简单的事都变得很难,我常常「忘记」吃饭,只因为我没法让自己开始。我发现先宣布自己要做什么、以及做的步骤(不一定大声)会有帮助,比如「好,我们现在起身走到厨房」「我们现在在走」。不过不知为何我对自己用复数人称——我们、咱们之类,别人也这样吗?
prashnts查看英文原文
Slightly off topic but this practice of talking-out-loud to get yourself doing stuff is also beneficial to people with executive dysfunction. If your executive function is impaired you generally don't have the "internal monologue" or the voice in your head. This makes seemingly simpler things like taking a shower, driving, or eating, very difficult! I'd often "forget" to eat, simply because I could not get myself to start. I found that it helps to announce (not necessarily loud) what I am to do, and the steps to do so. ("Okay we're going to get up and walk to the kitchen.", "We're walking now") Though for some reason I use plural pronouns for myself -- we, us etc. Does somebody else do that too? :)
航海上的问答式口令与指差确认同理,目的是让整个团队对齐到同一步骤。
我曾在一艘需要十几名船员完成升帆、转向、缩帆等任务的大型历史帆船上工作,我们采用的就是一问一答的口令系统,原因也类似。舵手喊「准备转向!」时,我们检查周围并回应「准备好了!」,然后等「Helms Alee!」的口令,准备换边并调整帆面。这个过程确保所有船员对当前进行到哪一步是同步的。
Dangeranger查看英文原文
When I worked on a large historical sailing ship that required a dozen crew to perform tasks like raising sails, tacking, or reefing, we followed a call-and-response verbal command system for many of the same reasons. When the helmsman would yell out "Ready about!", we would check the surroundings and respond "Ready!", then we would listen for "Helms Alee!" and prepare to switch sides and trim the sails. This process made sure that all of the crew were synchronized as to the current step in the process.[0] [0] http://lrsailingcenter.com/posts/tacking/
用物理接触代替记忆确认,是同一原理在日常生活中的极简版本。
我有一条严格的规矩:关前门之前必须摸到自己的钥匙,因为我发现记忆里的钥匙开门的本事不如口袋里的钥匙。
DonHopkins查看英文原文
I have a strict rule that I must touch my keys before closing the front door, because I discovered the keys in my memory don't open the door as well as the keys in my pocket.
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