互联网与文化cryptome.org
论坛卧底绅士指南
The Gentleperson's Guide To Forum Spies (2012)
2012 — 2022，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这是 Cryptome 收录的一份 2012 年“论坛间谍指南”，列举论坛上可能用来操纵讨论、挑拨离间和压制异见的手法，供社区管理者或活动者识别。评论普遍认为它触及了真实存在的舆论操纵，但也容易把意见不合者一概指认为恶意行为者。
为什么经久不衰：它把“识别操纵”与“滥用指控”的双刃剑讲得足够具体，十多年后仍是网络水军、版务治理和讨论伦理的经典参照。
HN 评论精选
识破阴谋论带来心理快感，而万能指控会堵死反驳。
人人都想相信自己正在识破某种心理战阴谋。多巴胺机制太诱人了：你有了敌人，有了身处“一切都不是表面那样”的戏剧叙事的快感，有了“我发现了别人没发现的东西”的优越感，还能把自己不喜欢的故事归入不合法一类。讨论串更糟，因为如果你有一个万能理由来堵住反驳，为什么不用呢？
tptacek查看英文原文
Everyone wants to believe they're sizing up some psyops scheme. The dopamine chemistry is just too good: you've got an enemy, the feeling of being in a dramatic narrative where nothing's what it seems, the superiority of knowing that you've spotted something everyone missed, and a way of bucketing the stories you dislike as illegitimate. The threads are even worse, because if you've got an all-purpose argument for shutting down rebuttals, why not use it?
这些手法古已有之，别把异见者一概当恶意行为者，理性论证即可。
文中引用的内容都可归入“操纵公众舆论”。类似手法此前已被分析归类，例如 1930 年代末宣传分析研究所把宣传手法分为扣帽子、泛泛美言、转移、证言、装普通人、选择性呈现、随大流。另一些概念——插入挑衅者恶意破坏群体——历史同样悠久，基本属于各种间谍活动（见《孙子兵法》第十三章）。正如其他人指出，假定论坛上与你意见不合的人就是恶意行为者，并不是健康有用的视角。确实有公关力量针对社交媒体，但最好还是只提出有理有据的论证支持你的观点，然后到此为止。
photochemsyn查看英文原文
Everything cited in this article can be grouped under the umbrella of 'manipulation of public opinion'. The tactics used have been analyzed and grouped similarly before, for example there was the late 1930s Institute of Propaganda Analysis which produced some publications grouping propaganda tactics into these categories: Name-calling, Glittering generalities, Transfer, Testimonial, Plain folks, Card stacking, Bandwagon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Propaganda_Analysis The other notions - i.e. malicious sabotage or disruption of groups by inserting agent provocateurs - have a similar long history and have also been analyzed, it's basically just spying of various sorts (see Sun Tzu, Art of War, Chapter 13) https://suntzuart.com/sun-tzu-art-of-war/chapter-13 As others note, assuming someone you disagree with on an internet forum is a malicious bad-faith actor isn't a very healthy or useful perspective to take. Yes, there's a lot of PR efforts directed at social media platforms for various reasons, but it's always best to just present a well-reasoned argument in support of your views and leave it at that.
操纵者不限于政府，清单容易被反向用于清洗异见者。
问题在于它假定虚假信息、宣传和操纵的唯一或主要来源是政府。这些手法每天被各个议题、各个立场的人使用。政府付费“间谍”当然可能存在，但绝大多数可能只是独立喷子、熟练操纵者或糟糕辩论者，他们发现这些手法能轻易操纵讨论、获得自己渴求的认可。这份文件本身也值得分析：它可能被领导者用来以内部政治或个人理由清洗社区；只要发帖历史够长，几乎任何人都能被这套清单指认为间谍。把异见者骂成“政府走狗”本已容易，这会让它更容易。
tomku查看英文原文
The problem with this is that it assumes that the only (or main) source of disinformation, propaganda and manipulation is the government. These techniques are used on a daily basis by people on all sides of every issue. Is it possible that some of them are paid government "spies"? Sure. However, it's likely that the vast majority of them are just independent trolls, skillful manipulators or bad arguers who've discovered that the techniques in question are an easy way to manipulate the discussion so that they can get the validation that they crave. I think that the document itself merits some analysis when it comes to manipulation and disinformation. If you take the document at face value, the author's intention is to give information to other activists so that they can protect their communities from government manipulation. However, I think it's also possible that the list of behaviors is meant to be used by leaders to purge communities for (internal) political or personal reasons. Given a long enough posting history, you could use this list to accuse almost anyone of being a spy. I suspect that whatever the author's original intentions, the latter interpretation is going to end up being much more common. It's already easy enough to dismiss people who disagree with you as "government shills", and this will simply make it even easier to justify.
指南本身可能是一份让批评者无从下手的操纵手册。
如何做一个偏执的阴谋论者，并让别人无法批评你：1）列出别人批评你的所有方法，比如要求证据、质疑动机、叫你阴谋论者；2）把清单改名为“如何控制互联网论坛、虚假信息规则、真相压制技术”；3）混入一些合法方法，让真实议程不那么明显；4）以“只想帮论坛管理者防范喷子”为伪装发布；5）看不知情的人提交并点赞你的宣传，以为在帮社区。仔细读就能看出来；它的写法让你一批评就违反他的“真相压制规则”。我父亲是阴谋论者，我也曾是宗教狂热者，很熟悉这套胡扯。写得挺聪明，但抱歉。
ChrisNorstrom查看英文原文
=== How To Be A Paranoid Conspiracy Theorist And Make It Impossible For Others To Criticize You === 1) Make a list of all the methods people use to criticize you. Such as demanding evidence, questioning your motives, calling you a conspiracy theorist. 2) Rename the list, "How to Control an Internet Forum, Rules of Disinformation, Techniques for Truth Suppression" 3) Mix in some legitimate methods so your agenda doesn't seem too obvious. 4) Publish list on the internet under the disguise of looking like you just want to help forum owners foresee and prevent trolling problems. 5) Watch as unknowing innocent people submit and upvote your propaganda thinking they're helping the community. Read between the lines and you'll see it. And it was written in such a way that you can't criticize him in any way without breaking one his "Rules for Truth Suppression" or "Disinformation". Cleverly written in such a way that doesn't allow you to criticize obvious things or demand evidence. Thus making the author win no matter what. I live with a conspiracy theorist father who uses some of these himself. Not to mention I was a religious fanatic myself and am well trained in spotting the same bullshit I used to spread. Sorry man, nice try, pretty clever though.
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