互联网与文化blog.emacsen.net
世界为什么需要 OpenStreetMap（2014）
Why the world needs OpenStreetMap (2014)
2014 — 2018，它一次次回到首页
黑点是上首页（≥ 50 分）的那次投稿，空心点是没冲上去的投稿，点越大分数越高。
导读
这篇 2014 年的文章论证了世界为什么需要 OpenStreetMap：一个开放、可自由使用的全球地图数据项目。作者认为地图数据不应被商业公司垄断，开放数据能让开发者自由构建应用。文章在 2014 和 2018 年两次登上 HN 首页。
为什么经久不衰：地图数据的主权与开放性问题至今仍是热点，OSM 已被政府和企业广泛采用，这篇文章是理解其价值与社区运作方式的经典入门。
HN 评论精选
作者本人现身：四年后他反而认为 OSM 未能满足公众需求，正在淡出项目
哇，登录 HN 看到自己的文章真奇怪。我是这篇 2014 年文章的作者。遗憾的是，我正在写一篇新文章，讲为什么我觉得 OSM 正在走向失败。过去两年我基本已远离这个项目。我仍然坚信 OSM 及其理念，但我觉得这个项目没有达到公众需要的水准。
emacsen查看英文原文
Wow... How odd to log into Hacker News and see this. I'm the author of the post back in 2014. The sad thing is that I'm midway through writing a new post about why I feel OSM is failing. I have largely stepped away from the project in the last two years. I still believe strongly in OSM, and what it stands for, but I feel the project has not lived up to what the public needs.
丹麦政府机构因隐私原因选 OSM 而非谷歌，但社区审核机制曾让官方数据修正被拒
我在丹麦公共部门工作，几乎所有地图路径规划项目都用 OSM，因为谷歌不同意不追踪我们的使用数据、也不在隐私盾框架下保护我们的数据。OSM 用起来总体很棒，但有些小毛病：有几次单行道方向标错了，我用政府 GIS 数据作为证据提交修正却被拒绝，理由是我必须亲自去现场拍照。作为一个市政机构，修正被某位爱好者否决，感觉有点荒唐——尤其这还影响了六万用户使用的软件。当然我怪我们自己没去申请验证账号，但那两小时我真的很讨厌社区驱动的软件。
eksemplar查看英文原文
I work in the public sector in Denmark and we use OSM for pretty much every map routing project we do as google won’t agree to not track our usage or protect our data under the privacy shield. Gotta say OSM has been mostly amazing to work with, but there have been a few quirks over the years. A few times the direction on one directional streets have been wrong, and when I corrected it, using our GIS data as evidence, my correction was denied because I had to physically go take a picture of the street. It felt a little silly being a municipality and having an OSM correction denied by some hobbyist, especially because it was blocking functionality on a piece of software used by 60.000 users. Don’t get me wrong, I blame us for not getting a verified account on a critical piece of software, but it still made me hate community driven software for around two hours.
商业地图服务昂贵且许可限制多，OSM 让小开发者能低成本构建大规模地图应用
OpenStreetMap 太棒了。据我调研，多数付费地图服务在稍有规模的负载下就迅速变贵，哪怕只是地址地理编码。而且想对数据做点有意思的事，很可能违反许可协议——它们禁止把地图数据与其他来源的数据合并。OSM 为小开发者打开了大门，可以构建原本因成本过高而无法实现的大规模地图服务，还有大量公共服务器提供宽松条款的 API，无需注册就能快速做原型。我手头的项目没有 OSM 根本做不了。
TipVFL查看英文原文
OpenStreetMap is amazing. Based on my research, most paid mapping services get expensive quickly with any serious load, even if you're just geocoding addresses. Also, if you want to do anything interesting with the data you're probably going to run afoul of your license agreement that says you can't combine their mapping data with data from other sources. It opens up so many possibilities for small developers to create large scale mapping services that would have been prohibitively expensive or otherwise impossible. They also make it really easy to put together a quick proof-of-concept by hosting their APIs on numerous public servers with generous usage terms and no registration. I'm working on a project right now that wouldn't be possible without OSM, for multiple reasons, so I definitely agree with the article's premise.
OSM 的核心优势是开放矢量数据：底图只是众多渲染之一，人人可编辑、可商业化
OSM 并不总是显示所有数据，但这不要紧，因为矢量数据全部开放，openstreetmap.org 的底图只是众多渲染方式之一，Mapbox 就是漂亮的例子。发现错误可以直接点编辑按钮用网页编辑器修改，它包含的元数据比同类地图应用都多。谷歌每年在地图上花费超过 10 亿美元，而 OSM 编辑者对本地细节的执着解释了很多差异。世界地图应该是我们所有人共同拥有的东西，不应有任何公司垄断我们对周围世界的认知，但公司仍然可以将其商业化。
morganherlocker查看英文原文
There were a lot of things discussed here in the original post of this that were lost in the HN outage. Things that stood out to me from memory/ links and stuff/ some of my own thoughts: - OSM does not always show some data. This does not really matter because the vector data is all available, and the openstreetmaps.org basemap is just one rendering of many. A good example of this is mapbox, which is one of the most beautiful basemaps out there. - If you see something wrong, you can just hit the edit button and use the web editor (Id), which is super easy and contains more metadata than any other map app in this category. For example, I used this yesterday to find the type of pavement on a bike route near my house. - Google spends 1 billion + per year on maps. This is likely primarily a) streets and b) data/company aquisitions which may not meet quite the same standards as OSM. The fact that OSM editors are obsessed with detail in their local area probably explains a lot. - A map of the world should be something we all own. No company should have a monopoly on how we perceive the world around us, but companies should still be able to commercialize this stuff (like mapbox and others are doing). - One point of contention that came up in the discussion was whether or not OSS can really compete with commercial solutions when there is so much money involved. Counter points to this are that mapping the whole world is something that requires a large networking effect and is not efficient for a company to do. - GIS is one industry that has been seriously plagued by corporate wrangling. From the servers to the analysis apps to the geoprocessing engines to the underlying data; much of the innovation is hindered by companies locking down what they have (often with governmental tacit support, which exacerbates the problem quite a bit). - There are many efforts to combat the monopoly-holder's/government's iron grip on this information and processing ability. Among these efforts that are hot on my radar include: - QGIS: an open source gis desktop application that just saw amazing improvements with a 2.0. http://www.qgis.org/en/site/ - TileMill: an application that allows you to create custom basemaps. This was previously a process that required a expensive software and collection of phds. https://www.mapbox.com/tilemill/ - OSM: open map data that allows for almost infinite possibilities, since it lets you easily correct an error or download data and render it however you want. http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=5/51.500/-0.100 - mapschool: A cool intro to GIS which has the potential to displace a lot of the overcomplicated training programs that have an inherent bias towards particular proprietary tools. http://macwright.org/mapschool/ - Leaflet: a js library for client side map rendering. It is without a doubt easier to use than any of the alternatives, and tends to handle mobile better to boot. http://leafletjs.com/ - d3: A slick data visualization js lib sort of like jquery for data that can create mind blowing charts and maps. http://d3js.org/ - turf: a node.js library I have been working on (yeah, shameless plug) that aims to create a server side or client side full featured geospatial processing/stats engine with an easy to use api. The inspiration was largely taken from GRASS and my main goal was beating the hell out of arcpy on performance (it is orders of magnitude faster on the metrics I cared about when writing it). http://morganherlocker.com/post/turf
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